{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063112000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1165485.1165506","title":"Automatic semantics extraction in law documents","display_name":"Automatic semantics extraction in law documents","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063112000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1165485.1165506","mag":"2063112000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1165485.1165506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1165485.1165506","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020272852","display_name":"Carlo Biagioli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103717","display_name":"Institute of Legal Information Theory and Techniques","ror":"https://ror.org/01as2bh37","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103717","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Biagioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITTIG - CNR, Firenze - Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITTIG - CNR, Firenze - Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061968837","display_name":"Enrico Francesconi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8397-5820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103717","display_name":"Institute of Legal Information Theory and Techniques","ror":"https://ror.org/01as2bh37","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103717","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Francesconi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITTIG - CNR, Firenze - Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITTIG - CNR, Firenze - Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066187890","display_name":"Andrea Passerini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2765-5395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Passerini","raw_affiliation_strings":["DSI - Univ. Firenze, Firenze - Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSI - Univ. Firenze, Firenze - Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006938721","display_name":"Simonetta Montemagni\u22c4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2953-8619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124522","display_name":"Institute for Computational Linguistics \u201cA. Zampolli\u201d","ror":"https://ror.org/028g3pe33","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124522","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Montemagni","raw_affiliation_strings":["ILC-CNR, Pisa-Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILC-CNR, Pisa-Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006914318","display_name":"Claudia Soria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-9711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124522","display_name":"Institute for Computational Linguistics \u201cA. Zampolli\u201d","ror":"https://ror.org/028g3pe33","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124522","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Soria","raw_affiliation_strings":["ILC-CNR, Pisa-Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILC-CNR, Pisa-Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7292,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":151,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97613482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"133","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative","display_name":"Normative","score":0.9047667384147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.8369938135147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7720093727111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6546107530593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6219279766082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5934330224990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.569308340549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.35227033495903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3111974596977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.24930906295776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.18415579199790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14114657044410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11456185579299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09007427096366882}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.9047667384147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.8369938135147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7720093727111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6546107530593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6219279766082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5934330224990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.569308340549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.35227033495903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3111974596977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.24930906295776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18415579199790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14114657044410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11456185579299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09007427096366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1165485.1165506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1165485.1165506","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/21160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11572/21160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151459763","https://openalex.org/W175463262","https://openalex.org/W1510073064","https://openalex.org/W1535532393","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1796707929","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W2038480249","https://openalex.org/W2092365450","https://openalex.org/W2094934653","https://openalex.org/W2116444583","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2138745909","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2149706766","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2157791002","https://openalex.org/W2162630660","https://openalex.org/W2163614729","https://openalex.org/W2170654002","https://openalex.org/W2171265988","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2187993330","https://openalex.org/W2282078507","https://openalex.org/W2406853631","https://openalex.org/W2435251607","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3004533406","https://openalex.org/W3119651796","https://openalex.org/W3146404850","https://openalex.org/W3193477162","https://openalex.org/W4242437658","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W7071374342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058118494","https://openalex.org/W2392768766","https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2382021449","https://openalex.org/W2095118173","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W1570025324","https://openalex.org/W2116902754","https://openalex.org/W2740145017","https://openalex.org/W2166185180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Normative":[0],"texts":[1],"can":[2,24,47],"be":[3,25],"viewed":[4],"as":[5],"composed":[6],"by":[7,14],"formal":[8],"partitions":[9],"(articles,":[10],"paragraphs,":[11],"etc.)":[12],"or":[13],"semantic":[15,41],"units":[16],"containing":[17],"fragments":[18,105],"of":[19,34,43,51,58,76,106,112],"a":[20,29,44,77,107],"regulation":[21],"(provisions).":[22],"Provisions":[23],"described":[26],"according":[27,61],"to":[28,62,84,103,116],"metadata":[30,65],"scheme":[31,66],"which":[32],"consists":[33],"provision":[35,81,113],"types":[36,82,114],"and":[37,56,83,115],"their":[38,86,118],"arguments.":[39,87],"This":[40],"annotation":[42],"normative":[45,78,108],"text":[46,79,109],"make":[48],"the":[49,59,63],"retrieval":[50],"norms":[52],"easier.":[53],"The":[54],"detection":[55],"description":[57],"provisions":[60],"established":[64],"is":[67],"an":[68],"analytic":[69],"intellectual":[70,92],"activity":[71,93],"aiming":[72],"at":[73],"classifying":[74],"portions":[75],"into":[80],"extract":[85,117],"Automatic":[88],"facilities":[89],"supporting":[90],"this":[91,98],"are":[94,120],"desirable.":[95],"Particularly,":[96],"in":[97,110],"paper,":[99],"two":[100],"modules":[101],"able":[102],"qualify":[104],"terms":[111],"arguments":[119],"presented.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
