{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032017624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1163405.1163408","title":"Generation of problems, answers, grade, and feedback---case study of a fully automated tutor","display_name":"Generation of problems, answers, grade, and feedback---case study of a fully automated tutor","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032017624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1163405.1163408","mag":"2032017624"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1163405.1163408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1163405.1163408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208609","display_name":"Journal on Educational Resources in Computing","issn_l":"1531-4278","issn":["1531-4278"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal on Educational Resources in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090188442","display_name":"Amruth N. Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1951-3995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171851574","display_name":"Ramapo College","ror":"https://ror.org/03s2x9d90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171851574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64281891","display_name":"College of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/02nx5r318","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64281891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amruth N. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ramapo College of New Jersey, Mahwah, NJ","Ramapo College of New Jersey Mahwah, NJ#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ramapo College of New Jersey, Mahwah, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171851574","https://openalex.org/I64281891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ramapo College of New Jersey Mahwah, NJ#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171851574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090188442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171851574","https://openalex.org/I64281891"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94402371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"3","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tutor","display_name":"TUTOR","score":0.9266980886459351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.7673510313034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7381117939949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5381823778152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5211315751075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repertoire","display_name":"Repertoire","score":0.4443427324295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extant-taxon","display_name":"Extant taxon","score":0.4131145477294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3269539475440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1899053454399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16144824028015137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7672049","display_name":"TUTOR","level":2,"score":0.9266980886459351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7673510313034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7381117939949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5381823778152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5211315751075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778473898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145110","display_name":"Repertoire","level":2,"score":0.4443427324295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178300618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898509","display_name":"Extant taxon","level":2,"score":0.4131145477294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3269539475440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1899053454399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16144824028015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1163405.1163408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1163405.1163408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208609","display_name":"Journal on Educational Resources in Computing","issn_l":"1531-4278","issn":["1531-4278"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal on Educational Resources in Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.495.776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.495.776","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://pages.ramapo.edu/~amruth/r/jnls/jeric/06/paper.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134713021","https://openalex.org/W1485088019","https://openalex.org/W1488793835","https://openalex.org/W1529974864","https://openalex.org/W1572085848","https://openalex.org/W1578339948","https://openalex.org/W1580749063","https://openalex.org/W1963753105","https://openalex.org/W1963817399","https://openalex.org/W1979507906","https://openalex.org/W1989549450","https://openalex.org/W1993146342","https://openalex.org/W2002546268","https://openalex.org/W2005454433","https://openalex.org/W2023716544","https://openalex.org/W2034868451","https://openalex.org/W2072070923","https://openalex.org/W2100477995","https://openalex.org/W2100860475","https://openalex.org/W2103365829","https://openalex.org/W2114921559","https://openalex.org/W2120080722","https://openalex.org/W2124052295","https://openalex.org/W2126658318","https://openalex.org/W2127765966","https://openalex.org/W2127907816","https://openalex.org/W2147275720","https://openalex.org/W2157705712","https://openalex.org/W2161546352","https://openalex.org/W2163640453","https://openalex.org/W2167563114","https://openalex.org/W2262577748","https://openalex.org/W2493825869","https://openalex.org/W2573894086","https://openalex.org/W2993861894","https://openalex.org/W3217611625","https://openalex.org/W4231170976","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6634344967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3120300186","https://openalex.org/W2084831119","https://openalex.org/W4255048859","https://openalex.org/W2478195092","https://openalex.org/W4312351362","https://openalex.org/W2278124082","https://openalex.org/W2362145073","https://openalex.org/W2055491483","https://openalex.org/W2358338760","https://openalex.org/W4378635687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Researchers":[0],"and":[1,28,45,87,135,163,171,177,179,200,216,221],"educators":[2],"have":[3,90],"been":[4],"developing":[5,122],"tutors":[6,15,38,48,80,109],"to":[7,20,52],"help":[8,145],"students":[9,105,146],"learn":[10],"by":[11,64,234],"solving":[12],"problems.":[13],"The":[14,196],"vary":[16],"in":[17,103,185],"their":[18,68],"ability":[19],"generate":[21,23,84,128,130],"problems,":[22,43,85,129,211],"answers,":[24,27,44,86,131,134,215],"grade":[25,132],"student":[26,133,239],"provide":[29,136],"feedback.":[30,46,88,137],"At":[31,72],"one":[32],"end":[33,75],"of":[34,76,121,169,175,183,188,205],"the":[35,58,73,77,119,186,210,213,231,235],"spectrum":[36,78],"are":[37,79,101],"that":[39,81,99,125,191,230],"depend":[40],"on":[41,203],"hand-coded":[42],"These":[47],"can":[49,82,126,144],"be":[50,53],"expected":[51],"pedagogically":[54],"effective,":[55],"since":[56],"all":[57],"problem-solving":[59],"content":[60],"is":[61,70,96],"carefully":[62],"hand-crafted":[63],"a":[65,123,142,153,189],"teacher.":[66],"However,":[67],"repertoire":[69],"limited.":[71],"other":[74],"automatically":[83,127],"They":[89],"an":[91],"unlimited":[92],"repertoire,":[93],"but":[94],"it":[95],"not":[97],"clear":[98],"they":[100],"effective":[102],"helping":[104],"learn.":[106,147],"Most":[107],"extant":[108],"lie":[110],"somewhere":[111],"along":[112],"this":[113,115],"spectrum.In":[114],"article":[116],"we":[117,151],"examine":[118],"feasibility":[120],"tutor":[124,143,154,197,236],"We":[138],"investigate":[139],"whether":[140],"such":[141],"For":[148],"our":[149,156],"study,":[150],"considered":[152],"for":[155],"Programming":[157],"Languages":[158],"course,":[159],"which":[160],"covers":[161],"static":[162,167,178],"dynamic":[164,173,180],"scope":[165,168,174],"(i.e.,":[166],"variables":[170],"procedures,":[172],"variables,":[176],"referencing":[181],"environment":[182],"procedures":[184],"context":[187],"language":[190],"permits":[192],"nested":[193],"procedure":[194],"definitions).":[195],"generates":[198],"simple":[199],"complex":[201],"problems":[202],"each":[204],"these":[206],"five":[207],"topics,":[208],"solves":[209],"grades":[212],"students'":[214],"provides":[217],"feedback":[218,232],"about":[219],"incorrect":[220],"missed":[222],"answers.":[223],"Our":[224],"evaluation":[225],"over":[226],"two":[227],"semesters":[228],"shows":[229],"provided":[233],"helps":[237],"improve":[238],"learning.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
