{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145036657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1150343.1150399","title":"Quadratic placement for 3d circuits using z-cell shifting, 3d iterative refinement and simulated annealing","display_name":"Quadratic placement for 3d circuits using z-cell shifting, 3d iterative refinement and simulated annealing","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145036657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1150343.1150399","mag":"2145036657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1150343.1150399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1150343.1150399","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th annual symposium on Integrated circuits and systems design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087624505","display_name":"Renato Hentschke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renato Hentschke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009589391","display_name":"Guilherme Flach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-2984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Flach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113904357","display_name":"Felipe Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2223-1204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108043721","display_name":"Ricardo Reis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5781-5858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Reis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087624505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95626277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"220","last_page":"225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.7387112379074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6421342492103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.6382752656936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4726097881793976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placement","display_name":"Placement","score":0.46253493428230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-programming","display_name":"Quadratic programming","score":0.45015400648117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.44938862323760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4331479072570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-cell","display_name":"Standard cell","score":0.42151695489883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36356568336486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3486158847808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-design","display_name":"Physical design","score":0.23221391439437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.22474625706672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20135444402694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-design","display_name":"Circuit design","score":0.17546340823173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.11776190996170044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.7387112379074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6421342492103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.6382752656936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4726097881793976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117690923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1484784","display_name":"Placement","level":4,"score":0.46253493428230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.45015400648117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.44938862323760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4331479072570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78401558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464496","display_name":"Standard cell","level":3,"score":0.42151695489883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36356568336486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3486158847808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188817802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13426855","display_name":"Physical design","level":3,"score":0.23221391439437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.22474625706672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20135444402694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.17546340823173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.11776190996170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1150343.1150399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1150343.1150399","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th annual symposium on Integrated circuits and systems design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575701986","https://openalex.org/W1969468690","https://openalex.org/W1973062518","https://openalex.org/W2023264348","https://openalex.org/W2079078065","https://openalex.org/W2085001969","https://openalex.org/W2100197617","https://openalex.org/W2102502584","https://openalex.org/W2102639553","https://openalex.org/W2114542420","https://openalex.org/W2117082818","https://openalex.org/W2120970098","https://openalex.org/W2123721159","https://openalex.org/W2132668926","https://openalex.org/W2144149750","https://openalex.org/W2157558963","https://openalex.org/W2163961680","https://openalex.org/W2168126808","https://openalex.org/W2545518041","https://openalex.org/W4231605864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2503825388","https://openalex.org/W2542137666","https://openalex.org/W2120985183","https://openalex.org/W2105062779","https://openalex.org/W4200577934","https://openalex.org/W1968931833","https://openalex.org/W2011535099","https://openalex.org/W2375431346","https://openalex.org/W2313633487","https://openalex.org/W2024392966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,46,61,141],"quadratic":[4,81],"placement":[5,78,87,101,117],"algorithm":[6],"to":[7,18,38,64,72,85,124,158,170],"be":[8],"applied":[9],"for":[10,49],"3D":[11,16,56],"circuits.":[12],"We":[13,30,43],"formulate":[14],"the":[15,20,24,32,40,50,53,74,86,150,182],"problem":[17],"control":[19,39,62],"area":[21,41,183],"balance":[22],"and":[23,96,131,136,162],"number":[25,67,175],"of":[26,52,68,76,176],"3D-Vias":[27,69,177],"between":[28,110],"tiers.":[29,111],"introduce":[31],"z-Cell":[33],"Shifting":[34],"operation":[35,48],"in":[36,70,133],"order":[37,71],"balance.":[42],"also":[44],"define":[45],"new":[47],"refinement":[51],"solution":[54],"called":[55],"Iterative":[57],"Refinement,":[58],"that":[59,89,115],"has":[60],"statement":[63],"avoid":[65],"excessive":[66],"keep":[73],"feasibility":[75],"our":[77,116],"solution.":[79],"After":[80],"placement,":[82],"we":[83,103,147],"move":[84],"legalization":[88],"is":[90,122,179,186],"based":[91],"on":[92],"min-cost":[93],"max":[94],"flow":[95,118],"Simulated":[97,105],"Annealing.":[98],"For":[99],"detailed":[100],"refinement,":[102],"apply":[104],"Annealing":[106],"without":[107],"cell":[108],"migration":[109],"Experimental":[112],"results":[113],"show":[114],"targeting":[119,140],"one":[120],"tier":[121],"comparable":[123],"academic":[125],"tools":[126],"such":[127],"as":[128],"FastPlace,":[129],"Capo":[130],"Dragon":[132],"wire":[134,152,164],"length":[135,153,165],"running":[137],"time":[138],"when":[139],"single":[142],"tier.":[143],"On":[144],"multiple":[145],"tiers,":[146],"can":[148],"reduce":[149],"average":[151],"from":[154],"7%":[155],"(2":[156,168],"tiers)":[157,161,169],"32%":[159],"(5":[160,172],"worst":[163],"by":[166],"26%":[167],"52%":[171],"tiers).":[173],"The":[174],"obtained":[178],"feasible":[180],"since":[181],"overhead":[184],"introduced":[185],"always":[187],"below":[188],"10%.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}