{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076985598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1148109.1148121","title":"Smooth scheduling under variable rates or the analog-digital confinement game","display_name":"Smooth scheduling under variable rates or the analog-digital confinement game","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076985598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1148109.1148121","mag":"2076985598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1148109.1148121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1148109.1148121","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109163662","display_name":"Ami Litman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ami Litman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technion, Haifa, Israel","Technion , Haifa , Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion , Haifa , Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007305919","display_name":"Shiri Moran-Schein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiri Moran-Schein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technion, Haifa, Israel","Technion , Haifa , Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion , Haifa , Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4464,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53369123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"74","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6878067255020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6724711656570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.5961121916770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.5686687231063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5509719252586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processor-scheduling","display_name":"Processor scheduling","score":0.43483883142471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3676837086677551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.24902647733688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20694369077682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16439801454544067}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6878067255020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6724711656570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5961121916770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5686687231063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5509719252586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984822820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123036","display_name":"Processor scheduling","level":3,"score":0.43483883142471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3676837086677551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.24902647733688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20694369077682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16439801454544067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1148109.1148121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1148109.1148121","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1628974215","https://openalex.org/W1964285561","https://openalex.org/W2016946898","https://openalex.org/W2038437418","https://openalex.org/W2051392328","https://openalex.org/W2056830486","https://openalex.org/W2076985598","https://openalex.org/W2081403536","https://openalex.org/W2103348200","https://openalex.org/W2104338317","https://openalex.org/W2111046894","https://openalex.org/W2120234059","https://openalex.org/W2146867335","https://openalex.org/W4246404093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128410848","https://openalex.org/W2102390841","https://openalex.org/W2118368532","https://openalex.org/W3047653192","https://openalex.org/W2096289371","https://openalex.org/W2126232624","https://openalex.org/W2434525066","https://openalex.org/W3140149227","https://openalex.org/W2946406471","https://openalex.org/W2130555437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,274,393],"work":[1],"considers":[2,197],"non-terminating":[3],"scheduling":[4,260,418],"problems":[5],"in":[6,27,39,58,81,89,92,186,201,216,238,330],"which":[7,93,158,202],"a":[8,48,50,110,155,177,187,198,253,292,305,374,396,412],"system":[9,19],"of":[10,74,96,126,137,161,256,269,281,285,291,335,361,381,404,439],"multiple":[11,190],"resources":[12,23],"serves":[13],"clients":[14,98,181,441],"having":[15],"variable":[16,184,228],"needs.":[17],"The":[18,61,101],"has":[20,47,245],"m":[21,68,162],"identical":[22],"and":[24,163,277,320,327,442],"n":[25],"clients;":[26],"each":[28,31,40,44,130,209,217,328],"time":[29,117,218],"slot":[30,42,71],"resource":[32,191],"may":[33],"serve":[34],"at":[35,213],"most":[36,86,214],"one":[37,368],"client;":[38],"such":[41,167,304],"t":[43],"client":[45,131,210],"\u03b3":[46,132],"rate,":[49],"real":[51,312,376],"number":[52],"\u03c1\u03b3(t),":[53],"that":[54,148,208,249],"specifies":[55],"his":[56,134,331],"needs":[57,136,438],"this":[59,75,90,231,250,263,282,286,423,426],"slot.":[60],"rates":[62,78,95,185,229],"satisfy":[63],"the":[64,77,94,97,120,124,171,194,222,259,289,299,311,314,317,321,336,338,342,349,353,359,362,379,382,388,391,401,416,428,431,433,437,440,443,447],"restriction":[65,207,235,251],"E\u03b3\u03c1\u03b3(t)":[66],"\u2264":[67],"for":[69,115,180,227],"any":[70],"t.":[72],"Except":[73],"restriction,":[76],"can":[79],"vary":[80],"arbitrary":[82],"fashion.":[83],"(This":[84],"contrasts":[85],"prior":[87],"works":[88],"area":[91],"are":[99,145,170,308,420],"constant.)":[100],"schedule":[102,111],"is":[103,112,139,154,159,204,211,236,288,365,385,395],"required":[104],"to":[105,133,258,366,372,386,399,406],"be":[106],"smooth":[107,225],"as":[108],"follows:":[109],"\u0394-smooth":[113,150,174],"if":[114],"all":[116],"intervals":[118],"I":[119],"absolute":[121],"difference":[122],"between":[123],"amount":[125,255],"service":[127],"received":[128],"by":[129,345,356,411],"nominal":[135],"Et\u2208I\u03c1\u03b3(t)":[138],"less":[140],"than":[141],"\u0394.":[142],"Our":[143],"objective":[144],"online":[146,173,224],"schedulers":[147,226],"produce":[149],"schedules":[151],"where":[152],"\u0394":[153],"small":[156],"constant":[157,178],"independent":[160],"n.Our":[164],"paper":[165,195,275,287],"constructs":[166],"schedulers;":[168],"these":[169],"first":[172,223],"schedulers,":[175],"with":[176,182],"\u0394,":[179],"arbitrarily":[183],"single":[188],"or":[189],"system.":[192],"Furthermore,":[193],"also":[196],"non-concurrent":[199,234],"environment":[200],"there":[203],"an":[205,408],"additional":[206],"served":[212],"once":[215],"slot;":[219],"it":[220],"presents":[221],"under":[230],"restriction.The":[232],"above":[233,417],"crucial":[237],"some":[239,279,334],"applications":[240],"(e.g.,":[241],"CPU":[242],"scheduling).":[243],"It":[244],"been":[246],"pointed":[247],"out":[248],"adds":[252],"surprising":[254],"difficulty":[257],"problem.":[261],"However,":[262],"observation":[264],"was":[265,271],"never":[266,272],"formalized":[267],"and,":[268],"course,":[270],"proved.":[273],"formalizes":[276],"proves":[278],"aspects":[280],"observation.Another":[283],"contribution":[284],"introduction":[290],"complete":[293],"information,":[294],"two":[295,315],"player":[296,319,340,351,364,384,435,445],"game":[297,306,394],"called":[298],"analog-digital":[300],"confinement":[301],"game.":[302,424],"In":[303,425],"pebbles":[307,343,354,389,429],"located":[309],"on":[310],"line;":[313],"players,":[316],"analog":[318,350,357,363,409,434],"digital":[322,339,383,413,444],"player,":[323],"take":[324],"alternating":[325],"turns":[326],"one,":[329],"turn,":[332],"moves":[333,341,352],"pebbles;":[337],"backwards":[344],"discrete":[346],"distances":[347],"while":[348,378],"forward":[355],"distances;":[358],"aim":[360,380],"cause":[367],"pebble":[369],"(or":[370],"more)":[371],"escape":[373],"pre-defined":[375],"interval":[377],"confine":[387],"into":[390],"interval.":[392],"convenient":[397],"framework":[398],"study":[400],"general":[402],"question":[403],"how":[405],"approximate":[407],"process":[410],"one.":[414],"All":[415],"results":[419],"established":[421],"via":[422],"derivation,":[427],"represent":[430],"clients,":[432],"represents":[436,446],"scheduler.":[448]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}