{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057393560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146381.1146384","title":"Distributed social systems","display_name":"Distributed social systems","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057393560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146381.1146384","mag":"2057393560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1146381.1146384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146381.1146384","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055710645","display_name":"Jon Kleinberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-2512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jon Kleinberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","Cornell University (Ithaca, NY);"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University (Ithaca, NY);","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055710645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76126288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6607222557067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-computing","display_name":"Social computing","score":0.5869125127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premise","display_name":"Premise","score":0.5731309056282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.55681312084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5223544836044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friendship","display_name":"Friendship","score":0.48010897636413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4759944677352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.47262808680534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theme","display_name":"Theme (computing)","score":0.47084566950798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4509508013725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4193646311759949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.41720470786094666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.40097612142562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2784213423728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.1784125566482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10690665245056152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6607222557067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74216064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615684","display_name":"Social computing","level":3,"score":0.5869125127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.5731309056282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.55681312084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5223544836044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778736484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491","display_name":"Friendship","level":2,"score":0.48010897636413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4759944677352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.47262808680534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33566652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065927","display_name":"Theme (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47084566950798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4509508013725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4193646311759949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41720470786094666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.40097612142562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2784213423728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.1784125566482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10690665245056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1146381.1146384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1146381.1146384","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81904689","https://openalex.org/W118766000","https://openalex.org/W1486176979","https://openalex.org/W1535065339","https://openalex.org/W1564854496","https://openalex.org/W1573579329","https://openalex.org/W1656132379","https://openalex.org/W1970564778","https://openalex.org/W1972178529","https://openalex.org/W1976509511","https://openalex.org/W1990513740","https://openalex.org/W2005719338","https://openalex.org/W2021314079","https://openalex.org/W2038562061","https://openalex.org/W2041157860","https://openalex.org/W2042123098","https://openalex.org/W2056609785","https://openalex.org/W2061820396","https://openalex.org/W2083649025","https://openalex.org/W2102076416","https://openalex.org/W2113889316","https://openalex.org/W2121531691","https://openalex.org/W2125537511","https://openalex.org/W2128678576","https://openalex.org/W2146045337","https://openalex.org/W2147952642","https://openalex.org/W2154833764","https://openalex.org/W2160405192","https://openalex.org/W2162450625","https://openalex.org/W2169090121","https://openalex.org/W2171474138","https://openalex.org/W2243945130","https://openalex.org/W2294889646","https://openalex.org/W2432978112","https://openalex.org/W2795857897","https://openalex.org/W4206328227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3145050902","https://openalex.org/W50396683","https://openalex.org/W1588418803","https://openalex.org/W1974646560","https://openalex.org/W2612892203","https://openalex.org/W2005724762","https://openalex.org/W117697325","https://openalex.org/W3131998061","https://openalex.org/W4233716763","https://openalex.org/W1868247918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,211,557],"study":[1,189],"of":[2,41,49,57,65,84,97,139,147,177,190,225,240,270,283,297,304,347,358,366,380,396,440,452,487,496,508,526,538,552,559,565,574,594,600,632,641,648],"large-scale":[3,155],"networks":[4,75,79,121,157,368,411,564],"has":[5,193,277,299,501,569],"emerged":[6],"over":[7],"the":[8,26,42,70,81,94,119,137,151,161,175,181,188,194,206,216,220,249,253,258,268,305,332,335,345,359,363,394,418,432,435,453,458,506,524,536,585,592,598,610,627,630,633,639,642,646,649,651],"past":[9],"several":[10],"years":[11],"as":[12,428],"a":[13,32,63,228,281,374,386,424,493,613,616],"theme":[14,276],"that":[15,44,106,122,204,222,248,420],"spans":[16],"many":[17,48],"disciplines,":[18],"ranging":[19],"from":[20,615],"computing":[21,85,112,192],"and":[22,28,76,93,99,110,144,180,274,315,356,393,405,437,529,534,554,644],"information":[23,324,397,421,478,539,604],"science":[24,179,578],"to":[25,134,160,196,267,301,327,342,373,445,512,562,618,655,659],"social":[27,78,120,141,148,156,182,229,381,403,410,438,530],"biological":[29,488],"sciences.":[30],"Indeed,":[31],"shared":[33],"interest":[34],"in":[35,101,186,227,264,280,311,321,331,344,398,416,473,480,505,523,535,576,584,626,662],"network":[36,230,382,643],"structure":[37,383,640],"is":[38,45,213,325],"arguably":[39],"one":[40,55],"forces":[43],"helping":[46],"draw":[47],"these":[50,441,550],"disciplines":[51],"closer":[52],"together.":[53],"As":[54],"aspect":[56],"this":[58,135,209,275,497],"broader":[59],"theme,":[60],"we":[61,246,389,545,588],"consider":[62,390,546],"convergence":[64],"ideas":[66],"taking":[67],"place":[68],"at":[69,174,208,469],"boundary":[71],"between":[72,434],"distributed":[73,191,425,481],"computer":[74,178,577],"human":[77,409],"---":[80,184,219,319],"former":[82],"consisting":[83,96],"devices":[86],"linked":[87,232],"by":[88,104,233,362,377,465,516],"an":[89,571,619],"underlying":[90,308],"communication":[91],"medium,":[92],"latter":[95],"people":[98],"organizations":[100],"society":[102],"connected":[103],"ties":[105],"represent":[107],"friendship,":[108],"interaction,":[109],"influence.Distributed":[111],"systems":[113,350,482],"have":[114,130,153,168,339,369],"long":[115],"been":[116,278,340,370],"intertwined":[117],"with":[118,429],"link":[123],"their":[124,624],"user":[125],"populations.":[126],"Recent":[127,499],"developments,":[128],"however,":[129],"added":[131],"further":[132],"dimensions":[133],"relationship:":[136],"growth":[138,525],"blogging,":[140],"networking":[142,531],"services,":[143],"other":[145],"forms":[146],"media":[149],"on":[150,461,485,612,637,645],"Internet":[152],"made":[154],"more":[158],"transparent":[159],"general":[162,306],"public":[163],"than":[164,449],"ever":[165],"before.":[166],"They":[167],"also":[169],"raised":[170],"new":[171,514],"research":[172,298,343,575],"challenges":[173,185],"interface":[176],"sciences":[183],"which":[187,312,322,474],"potential":[195],"provide":[197],"considerable":[198],"insight.We":[199],"discuss":[200],"three":[201],"related":[202,263,658],"areas":[203],"illustrate":[205],"issues":[207],"interface.":[210],"first":[212,254],"centered":[214],"around":[215],"small-world":[217,367,430],"phenomenon":[218,259],"premise":[221],"most":[223],"pairs":[224],"individuals":[226],"are":[231,317,483],"very":[234],"short":[235],"paths":[236],"(or":[237],"\"six":[238],"degrees":[239],"separation\")":[241],"[36].":[242],"In":[243,334,607],"earlier":[244],"work,":[245],"proposed":[247],"social-psychology":[250],"experiments":[251],"providing":[252],"empirical":[255,378],"evidence":[256],"for":[257,477,492,549,623],"[25,":[260],"35]":[261],"were":[262],"fundamental":[265],"ways":[266],"problem":[269],"decentralized":[271,313,348,601],"routing":[272,314],"[14],":[273],"pursued":[279],"number":[282],"subsequent":[284],"papers":[285],"(e.g.":[286],"[5,":[287],"8,":[288],"15,":[289],"17,":[290],"24,":[291],"29,":[292],"31,":[293],"32]).":[294],"This":[295],"line":[296],"helped":[300],"abstract":[302],"some":[303,357],"principles":[307],"random":[309],"graphs":[310],"search":[316,553,602],"feasible":[318],"structures":[320],"local":[323],"sufficient":[326],"reach":[328],"designated":[329],"targets":[330],"network.":[333],"process,":[336],"close":[337],"connections":[338,455],"developed":[341],"design":[346],"peer-to-peer":[349],"[3,":[351],"20,":[352],"21,":[353],"22,":[354],"23],":[355],"patterns":[360],"suggested":[361],"basic":[364],"models":[365,548],"borne":[371],"out":[372,444],"striking":[375],"extent":[376],"studies":[379],"[2,":[384],"19].As":[385],"second":[387],"area,":[388],"cascading":[391],"behavior":[392,661],"diffusion":[395,555,605],"networks.":[399],"Rumors,":[400],"fads,":[401],"innovations,":[402],"movements,":[404],"diseases":[406],"spread":[407],"through":[408,423],"[9,":[412],"28,":[413],"30,":[414],"33]":[415],"much":[417],"way":[419],"propagates":[422],"system.":[426],"And":[427],"networks,":[431],"analogies":[433,504],"computational":[436],"versions":[439],"phenomena":[442],"turn":[443],"be":[446],"deep":[447],"rather":[448],"superficial.":[450],"One":[451],"oldest":[454],"here":[456],"was":[457],"pioneering":[459],"work":[460,500],"epidemic":[462],"algorithms":[463],"presented":[464],"Demers":[466],"et":[467],"al.":[468],"PODC":[470],"1987":[471],"[6],":[472],"probabilistic":[475],"rules":[476],"dissemination":[479],"modeled":[484],"aspects":[486],"epidemics":[489],"(see":[490,579],"[12]":[491],"recent":[494],"overview":[495],"topic).":[498],"exploited":[502],"similar":[503],"development":[507],"viral":[509],"marketing":[510],"strategies":[511],"promote":[513],"innovations":[515],"word-of-mouth":[517],"effects":[518],"[7,":[519],"13,":[520],"18,":[521],"27],":[522],"on-line":[527],"communities":[528],"sites":[532],"[4],":[533],"analysis":[537,653],"cascades":[540],"among":[541],"weblogs":[542],"[1,":[543],"10].Finally,":[544],"game-theoretic":[547],"types":[551],"processes.":[556],"use":[558],"game":[560],"theory":[561],"analyze":[563],"interacting":[566],"strategic":[567,660],"agents":[568],"become":[570],"active":[572],"area":[573],"e.g.":[580],"[11,":[581],"26,":[582],"34]);":[583],"present":[586],"context":[587],"can":[589],"ask":[590],"how":[591],"introduction":[593],"economic":[595],"incentives":[596],"affects":[597],"performance":[599],"or":[603],"algorithms.":[606],"particular,":[608],"if":[609],"intermediaries":[611],"path":[614],"query":[617],"answer":[620],"require":[621],"compensation":[622],"participation":[625],"search,":[628],"then":[629],"dynamics":[631],"system":[634],"depend":[635],"crucially":[636],"both":[638],"rarity":[647],"answer;":[650],"resulting":[652],"leads":[654],"natural":[656],"questions":[657],"branching":[663],"processes":[664],"[16].":[665]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}