{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166798476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144251","title":"Analysis of the difficulty of learning goal-scoring behaviour for robot soccer","display_name":"Analysis of the difficulty of learning goal-scoring behaviour for robot soccer","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166798476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144251","mag":"2166798476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1143997.1144251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060291041","display_name":"Jeff Riley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1530-2557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Riley","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022987715","display_name":"Vic Ciesielski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7273-9566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vic Ciesielski","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060291041"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14244997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1569","last_page":"1576"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.6493371725082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6299012899398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6221972703933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6049109101295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5602148175239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5399326086044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-landscape","display_name":"Fitness landscape","score":0.48258793354034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4198509752750397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3931454122066498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.3233058452606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.0954032838344574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.6493371725082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6299012899398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6221972703933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6049109101295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5602148175239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5399326086044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91852762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3307742","display_name":"Fitness landscape","level":3,"score":0.48258793354034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4198509752750397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3931454122066498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3233058452606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0954032838344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1143997.1144251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61RMIT_INST:11247853090001341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1143997.1144251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77512158","https://openalex.org/W90366922","https://openalex.org/W94967961","https://openalex.org/W115836650","https://openalex.org/W176372011","https://openalex.org/W1256890642","https://openalex.org/W1480936263","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1516834747","https://openalex.org/W1534688999","https://openalex.org/W1535529451","https://openalex.org/W1542211788","https://openalex.org/W1545092162","https://openalex.org/W1589720045","https://openalex.org/W1590205051","https://openalex.org/W1606791384","https://openalex.org/W1779560570","https://openalex.org/W1901980892","https://openalex.org/W1933385826","https://openalex.org/W1967084746","https://openalex.org/W1969857637","https://openalex.org/W1976215910","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2006303459","https://openalex.org/W2012794579","https://openalex.org/W2014068377","https://openalex.org/W2022820481","https://openalex.org/W2034587361","https://openalex.org/W2038774686","https://openalex.org/W2039906176","https://openalex.org/W2073826583","https://openalex.org/W2098701176","https://openalex.org/W2100791493","https://openalex.org/W2103414828","https://openalex.org/W2116431703","https://openalex.org/W2122097156","https://openalex.org/W2132070476","https://openalex.org/W2137702546","https://openalex.org/W2142398281","https://openalex.org/W2155791599","https://openalex.org/W2282888583","https://openalex.org/W2294444706","https://openalex.org/W2798330367","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2914728119","https://openalex.org/W3121771796","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6680144114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036107212","https://openalex.org/W1634842376","https://openalex.org/W2159937791","https://openalex.org/W4250294025","https://openalex.org/W2164084664","https://openalex.org/W1974337071","https://openalex.org/W2138958036","https://openalex.org/W192154461","https://openalex.org/W1562117546","https://openalex.org/W1966735857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"goal-scoring":[1,48],"behaviour":[2],"from":[3],"scratch":[4],"for":[5],"simulated":[6],"robot":[7],"soccer":[8],"is":[9,18,62,75,97,127],"considered":[10],"to":[11,56,112,119],"be":[12],"a":[13,38,67,81],"very":[14,63],"difficult":[15],"problem,":[16],"and":[17,93,108],"often":[19],"achieved":[20],"by":[21,32,129],"endowing":[22],"players":[23],"with":[24],"an":[25],"innate":[26],"set":[27,39],"of":[28,40,115,124],"hand-coded":[29,78],"skills,":[30],"or":[31,80],"decomposing":[33],"the":[34,57,59,91,94,116,122,125],"problem":[35,126],"into":[36,47],"learning":[37],"simpler":[41],"behaviours":[42],"which":[43],"are":[44,54],"then":[45],"aggregated":[46],"behaviour.":[49],"When":[50],"only":[51,66],"basic":[52],"skills":[53,79],"available":[55],"player":[58],"fitness":[60,83,117],"landscape":[61,92,118],"flat,":[64],"containing":[65],"few":[68],"thin":[69],"peaks.":[70],"As":[71],"more":[72,85,98],"human":[73,131],"expertise":[74],"injected":[76],"via":[77],"composite":[82],"function,":[84],"gradient":[86],"information":[87,109],"becomes":[88],"apparent":[89],"on":[90],"genetic":[95],"search":[96],"successful.":[99],"The":[100],"work":[101],"presented":[102],"in":[103],"this":[104],"paper":[105],"uses":[106],"autocorrelation":[107],"content":[110],"measures":[111],"examine":[113],"features":[114],"explain":[120],"how":[121],"difficulty":[123],"changed":[128],"injecting":[130],"expertise.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}