{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062517929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144214","title":"The no free lunch and realistic search algorithms","display_name":"The no free lunch and realistic search algorithms","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062517929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144214","mag":"2062517929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1143997.1144214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144214","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031150350","display_name":"Yossi Borenstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yossi Borenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","[University of Essex, Colchester, U.K]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Essex, Colchester, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101670626","display_name":"Riccardo Poli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-0780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Poli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","[University of Essex, Colchester, U.K]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Essex, Colchester, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031150350"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4652,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74193288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1399","last_page":"1400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.646415114402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.435638427734375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.646415114402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.435638427734375}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1143997.1144214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144214","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.216.3005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.216.3005","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~wbl/biblio/gecco2006/docs/p1399.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320280","display_name":"Harold Hyam Wingate Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/025kprq56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67550657","https://openalex.org/W98056105","https://openalex.org/W2062517929","https://openalex.org/W2151554678"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2003465964","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W303980170","https://openalex.org/W2351491280","https://openalex.org/W2386767533","https://openalex.org/W2371447506","https://openalex.org/W2333698505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"No-Free-Lunch":[1],"theorems":[2],"(NFLTs)":[3],"are":[4,79],"criticized":[5],"for":[6,32,57,84,92],"being":[7],"too":[8],"general":[9],"to":[10,15,46,81],"be":[11,82],"of":[12,29,40,60,75],"any":[13],"relevance":[14],"the":[16,27,30,37,41,69],"real":[17],"world":[18],"scenario.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21],"investigates,":[22],"both":[23],"formally":[24],"and":[25],"empirically,":[26],"implications":[28],"NFLTs":[31],"realistic":[33,85],"search":[34,86],"algorithms.":[35,87],"In":[36,68],"first":[38],"part":[39],"paper,":[42],"by":[43],"restricting":[44],"ourselves":[45],"a":[47,53,58],"specific":[48],"performance":[49],"measure,":[50],"we":[51,72],"derive":[52],"new":[54],"NFL":[55],"result":[56],"class":[59],"problems":[61],"which":[62,78],"is":[63],"not":[64],"closed":[65],"under":[66],"permutations.":[67],"second":[70],"part,":[71],"discuss":[73],"properties":[74],"this":[76,93],"set":[77],"likely":[80],"true":[83],"We":[88],"provide":[89],"empirical":[90],"support":[91],"in":[94],"[1].":[95]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}