{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103961308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144147","title":"Canonical form functions as a simple means for genetic programming to evolve human-interpretable functions","display_name":"Canonical form functions as a simple means for genetic programming to evolve human-interpretable functions","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103961308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144147","mag":"2103961308"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1143997.1144147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050441975","display_name":"Trent McConaghy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Trent McConaghy","raw_affiliation_strings":["K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","K. U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"K. U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029270525","display_name":"Georges Gielen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4061-9428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georges Gielen","raw_affiliation_strings":["K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","K. U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"K. U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050441975"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7217,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93085321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"855","last_page":"862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.8155472874641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammatical-evolution","display_name":"Grammatical evolution","score":0.8062601089477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-regression","display_name":"Symbolic regression","score":0.7620362043380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.6410114169120789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6405998468399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6389496922492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.5773003697395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5443427562713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4362746477127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3689786195755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3425287902355194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09736326336860657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.8155472874641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10906938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5593687","display_name":"Grammatical evolution","level":3,"score":0.8062601089477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776400721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18171762","display_name":"Symbolic regression","level":3,"score":0.7620362043380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6410114169120789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6405998468399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6389496922492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.5773003697395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5443427562713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4362746477127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3689786195755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3425287902355194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09736326336860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1143997.1144147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.420.4254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.420.4254","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/rts/docs/GECCO_2006/docs/p855.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20639033","https://openalex.org/W53373509","https://openalex.org/W158805453","https://openalex.org/W197653027","https://openalex.org/W1503370304","https://openalex.org/W1507019758","https://openalex.org/W1519072852","https://openalex.org/W1550716260","https://openalex.org/W1568232464","https://openalex.org/W1578996071","https://openalex.org/W1584348967","https://openalex.org/W1589720045","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1594896864","https://openalex.org/W1666515477","https://openalex.org/W1832315468","https://openalex.org/W1835920557","https://openalex.org/W1968889106","https://openalex.org/W1982702188","https://openalex.org/W1997600725","https://openalex.org/W2038669746","https://openalex.org/W2102201073","https://openalex.org/W2122091217","https://openalex.org/W2122156639","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2132578019","https://openalex.org/W2137226992","https://openalex.org/W2142770304","https://openalex.org/W2167159964","https://openalex.org/W2323746689","https://openalex.org/W2329425641","https://openalex.org/W2345319646","https://openalex.org/W2361628867","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W3085162807","https://openalex.org/W4255048146","https://openalex.org/W6605554985","https://openalex.org/W6628843392","https://openalex.org/W6682155340","https://openalex.org/W6701671523","https://openalex.org/W6789836008","https://openalex.org/W6843735874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593354505","https://openalex.org/W1963986408","https://openalex.org/W2046401452","https://openalex.org/W3006865984","https://openalex.org/W2003947101","https://openalex.org/W2897801744","https://openalex.org/W206299888","https://openalex.org/W2176963978","https://openalex.org/W2967546367","https://openalex.org/W1967042012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4,56],"the":[5,40,95],"use":[6],"of":[7,58],"canonical":[8],"form":[9],"functions":[10],"to":[11,23,92],"evolve":[12],"human-interpretable":[13],"expressions":[14,49],"for":[15,50],"symbolic":[16],"regression":[17],"problems.":[18,54],"The":[19,76],"approach":[20],"is":[21,81],"simple":[22],"apply,":[24],"being":[25],"mostly":[26],"a":[27,89],"grammar":[28],"that":[29],"fits":[30],"into":[31],"any":[32],"grammar-based":[33],"Genetic":[34],"Programming":[35],"(GP)":[36],"system.":[37],"We":[38,55],"demonstrate":[39],"approach,":[41],"dubbed":[42],"CAFFEINE,":[43,59],"in":[44],"producing":[45],"highly":[46],"predictive,":[47],"interpretable":[48,99],"six":[51],"circuit":[52],"modeling":[53],"variations":[57],"including":[60],"Grammatical":[61],"Evolution":[62],"vs.":[63],"Whigham-style,":[64],"grammar-defined":[65],"introns,":[66],"and":[67],"smooth":[68,72],"uniform":[69],"crossover":[70],"with":[71],"point":[73],"mutation":[74],"(SUX/SM).":[75],"fastest":[77],"CAFFEINE":[78],"variant,":[79],"SUX/SM,":[80],"only":[82],"moderately":[83],"slower":[84],"than":[85],"non-grammatical":[86],"GP":[87],"-":[88],"reasonable":[90],"price":[91],"pay":[93],"when":[94],"user":[96],"wants":[97],"immediately":[98],"results.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}