{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126050324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143120.1143132","title":"The methodology and an application to fight against Unicode attacks","display_name":"The methodology and an application to fight against Unicode attacks","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126050324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143120.1143132","mag":"2126050324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1143120.1143132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143120.1143132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the second symposium on Usable privacy and security  - SOUPS '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018802389","display_name":"Anthony Y. Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["HK","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Y. Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100638710","display_name":"Xiaotie Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-6467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotie Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR","City University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong SAR ()"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong SAR ()","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liu Wenyin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Wenyin","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR","City University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong SAR ()"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong SAR ()","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024401049","display_name":"Greg Little","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Little","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA","Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018802389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96789111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"91","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unicode","display_name":"Unicode","score":0.9924036860466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7979934215545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.6915679574012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-encoding","display_name":"Character encoding","score":0.5286051630973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5005297660827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.4657818675041199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45240479707717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.4458395838737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.42058634757995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.38097596168518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3011430501937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2896375060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27948540449142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1466946303844452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.128703773021698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500551929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8819","display_name":"Unicode","level":2,"score":0.9924036860466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7979934215545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.6915679574012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32717103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184759","display_name":"Character encoding","level":3,"score":0.5286051630973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5005297660827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.4657818675041199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45240479707717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4458395838737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42058634757995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.38097596168518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3011430501937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2896375060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27948540449142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1466946303844452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.128703773021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1143120.1143132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1143120.1143132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the second symposium on Usable privacy and security  - SOUPS '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.527.7226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.527.7226","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.csail.mit.edu/ayf/publication/SOUPS 2006 The Methodology and an Application to Fight against Unicode Attacks Clean.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.83.7827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.83.7827","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cups.cs.cmu.edu/soups/2006/proceedings/p91_fu.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46681494","https://openalex.org/W193121434","https://openalex.org/W1482504747","https://openalex.org/W1497289281","https://openalex.org/W1595944420","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1985108724","https://openalex.org/W1988068423","https://openalex.org/W2010608681","https://openalex.org/W2026843999","https://openalex.org/W2046166587","https://openalex.org/W2067432306","https://openalex.org/W2074231493","https://openalex.org/W2083055907","https://openalex.org/W2131906261","https://openalex.org/W2164634022","https://openalex.org/W2167976277","https://openalex.org/W2182775229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109218431","https://openalex.org/W1816713494","https://openalex.org/W2515403066","https://openalex.org/W77418452","https://openalex.org/W112260396","https://openalex.org/W1982751266","https://openalex.org/W2131544296","https://openalex.org/W3004381102","https://openalex.org/W4387780319","https://openalex.org/W2510320583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unicode":[0,53,90,119,125,148],"is":[1],"becoming":[2],"a":[3,13,45,75,89,98,109,123],"dominant":[4],"character":[5],"representation":[6],"format":[7],"for":[8,20,47,77],"information":[9],"processing.":[10],"This":[11,43],"presents":[12,44],"very":[14],"dangerous":[15],"usability":[16],"and":[17,61,73,100,111,134],"security":[18],"problem":[19,24],"many":[21,27],"applications.":[22],"The":[23],"arises":[25],"because":[26],"characters":[28],"in":[29],"the":[30,70,82,143],"UCS":[31],"(Universal":[32],"Character":[33,91],"Set)":[34],"are":[35],"visually":[36],"and/or":[37],"semantically":[38],"similar":[39],"to":[40,50,117],"each":[41],"other.":[42],"mechanism":[46],"malicious":[48],"people":[49],"carry":[51],"out":[52],"Attacks,":[54],"which":[55,130],"include":[56],"spam":[57],"attacks,":[58,60,72],"phishing":[59,132],"web":[62],"identity":[63],"attacks.":[64,120,139],"In":[65],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"we":[68,87],"address":[69],"potential":[71],"propose":[74],"methodology":[76],"countering":[78],"them.":[79],"To":[80],"evaluate":[81],"feasibility":[83],"of":[84,147],"our":[85],"methodology,":[86],"construct":[88],"Similarity":[92],"List":[93],"(UC-SimList).":[94],"We":[95,121,140],"then":[96],"implement":[97],"visual":[99,110],"semantic":[101,112],"based":[102,113],"edit":[103],"distance":[104],"(VSED),":[105],"as":[106,108],"well":[107],"Knuth-Morris-Pratt":[114],"algorithm":[115],"(VSKMP),":[116],"detect":[118],"develop":[122],"prototype":[124],"attack":[126,149],"detection":[127],"tool,":[128],"IDN-SecuChecker,":[129],"detects":[131],"weblinks":[133],"fake":[135],"user":[136],"name":[137],"(account)":[138],"also":[141],"introduce":[142],"possible":[144],"practical":[145],"use":[146],"detectors.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}