{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124718783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1142405.1142445","title":"\"It's Just a Method!\"","display_name":"\"It's Just a Method!\"","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124718783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1142405.1142445","mag":"2124718783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1142405.1142445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1142405.1142445","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032188058","display_name":"Steven J. Harrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7819-5993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105420715","display_name":"Maribeth Back","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maribeth Back","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuji Xerox Palo Alto Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuji Xerox Palo Alto Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047060922","display_name":"Deborah Tatar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah Tatar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"261","last_page":"270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mindset","display_name":"Mindset","score":0.8699375987052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6697180271148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.6290267705917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criticism","display_name":"Criticism","score":0.5739349126815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5115657448768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4738329350948334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-thinking","display_name":"Design thinking","score":0.4650147557258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-methods","display_name":"Design methods","score":0.41825181245803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.41123300790786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3606675863265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.34965741634368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.32734590768814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.26597917079925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2636966109275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.1631697118282318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1362270712852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.11601993441581726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778491294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339824","display_name":"Mindset","level":2,"score":0.8699375987052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6697180271148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.6290267705917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.5739349126815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5115657448768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4738329350948334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142778471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200670","display_name":"Design thinking","level":2,"score":0.4650147557258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138852830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2292993","display_name":"Design methods","level":2,"score":0.41825181245803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41123300790786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3606675863265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.34965741634368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.32734590768814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26597917079925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2636966109275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1631697118282318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1362270712852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.11601993441581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1142405.1142445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1142405.1142445","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43120215","https://openalex.org/W140569653","https://openalex.org/W1493688518","https://openalex.org/W1493840028","https://openalex.org/W1494613787","https://openalex.org/W1526476546","https://openalex.org/W1588350626","https://openalex.org/W1781458262","https://openalex.org/W1843254951","https://openalex.org/W1918878574","https://openalex.org/W1966591371","https://openalex.org/W1968983388","https://openalex.org/W1997206132","https://openalex.org/W1997857266","https://openalex.org/W2026645894","https://openalex.org/W2033330103","https://openalex.org/W2043127143","https://openalex.org/W2050896993","https://openalex.org/W2091188913","https://openalex.org/W2091579301","https://openalex.org/W2093298681","https://openalex.org/W2094572325","https://openalex.org/W2121079875","https://openalex.org/W2126520272","https://openalex.org/W2156865372","https://openalex.org/W2342091124","https://openalex.org/W2550639226","https://openalex.org/W2568476927","https://openalex.org/W2798977449","https://openalex.org/W2936737507","https://openalex.org/W3041149780","https://openalex.org/W3114913914","https://openalex.org/W4256740660","https://openalex.org/W7027877732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281773849","https://openalex.org/W2908046332","https://openalex.org/W4386786145","https://openalex.org/W3009062738","https://openalex.org/W4232834483","https://openalex.org/W3192666801","https://openalex.org/W2290651358","https://openalex.org/W2612946832","https://openalex.org/W2565101599","https://openalex.org/W3185216207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"What":[0],"does":[1,19],"a":[2,9,12,20,42,62,99,155,176,198],"student":[3,21],"need":[4,22],"to":[5,7,23,50,57,79,89,105,126,131],"know":[6],"be":[8,77,186],"designer?":[10],"Beyond":[11],"list":[13],"of":[14,36,44,59,92,141,158,182,203,210],"separate":[15],"skills,":[16],"what":[17],"mindset":[18],"develop":[24],"for":[25,148,207],"designerly":[26],"action":[27],"now":[28],"and":[29,55,107,116,151,188,200,212],"into":[30],"the":[31,34,37,90,180,208],"future?":[32],"In":[33],"excitement":[35],"cognitive":[38],"revolution,":[39],"Simon":[40],"proposed":[41],"way":[43],"thinking":[45],"about":[46],"design":[47,60,93,111,128,159,183,194,204],"that":[48,81,101,145,179,190],"promised":[49],"make":[51],"it":[52],"more":[53,114],"manageable":[54],"cognitive:":[56],"think":[58],"as":[61,68,113,175],"planning":[63,74],"problem":[64],"[11,":[65],"29].":[66],"Yet,":[67],"Suchman":[69],"argued":[70],"long":[71],"ago":[72],"[32],":[73],"accounts":[75],"may":[76],"applied":[78],"problems":[80],"are":[82],"not":[83,132],"at":[84],"base":[85],"accomplished":[86],"by":[87],"planning,":[88],"detriment":[91],"vision.":[94],"This":[95,196],"paper":[96],"reports":[97],"on":[98],"pedagogy":[100],"takes":[102],"Suchman's":[103],"criticism":[104],"heart":[106],"avoids":[108],"dressing":[109],"up":[110],"methods":[112],"systematic":[115],"predictive":[117],"than":[118],"they":[119],"in":[120,173],"fact":[121],"are.":[122],"The":[123],"idea":[124],"is":[125],"teach":[127,168],"through":[129],"exposure":[130],"just":[133],"one,":[134],"but":[135],"rather,":[136],"many":[137],"methods---that":[138],"is,":[139],"sets":[140],"rules":[142],"or":[143,165],"behaviors":[144],"produce":[146],"artifacts":[147],"further":[149],"reflection":[150],"development.":[152],"By":[153],"introducing":[154],"large":[156],"number":[157],"methods,":[160],"decoupled":[161],"from":[162],"theories,":[163],"models":[164],"frameworks,":[166],"we":[167],"(a)":[169],"important":[170],"cross-methodological":[171],"regularities":[172],"competence":[174],"designer,":[177],"(b)":[178],"practice":[181],"can":[184],"itself":[185],"designed":[187],"(c)":[189],"method":[191],"choice":[192],"affects":[193],"outcomes.":[195],"provides":[197],"rich":[199],"productive":[201],"notion":[202],"particularly":[205],"necessary":[206],"world":[209],"pervasive":[211],"ubiquitous":[213],"computing.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}