{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986342936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1139922.1139945","title":"A research manifesto for services science","display_name":"A research manifesto for services science","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986342936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1139922.1139945","mag":"1986342936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1139922.1139945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1139922.1139945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077965593","display_name":"Henry Chesbrough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3121-2394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henry Chesbrough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley","Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005597610","display_name":"Jim Spohrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-2735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Spohrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA","IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose , CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose , CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077965593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":190.9433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1048,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"7","first_page":"35","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10154","display_name":"Customer Service Quality and Loyalty","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifesto","display_name":"Manifesto","score":0.8841580152511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.567220151424408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.44538748264312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tertiary-sector-of-the-economy","display_name":"Tertiary sector of the economy","score":0.43975651264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34807729721069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32990866899490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.32674768567085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.32129114866256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.25224265456199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.2354319989681244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-economy","display_name":"Market economy","score":0.10178762674331665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778896172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46337","display_name":"Manifesto","level":2,"score":0.8841580152511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.567220151424408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44538748264312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43246008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55638","display_name":"Tertiary sector of the economy","level":2,"score":0.43975651264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34807729721069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32990866899490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.32674768567085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.32129114866256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25224265456199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2354319989681244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.10178762674331665}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1139922.1139945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1139922.1139945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10259981","https://openalex.org/W48382272","https://openalex.org/W128033230","https://openalex.org/W148760918","https://openalex.org/W169794968","https://openalex.org/W177275850","https://openalex.org/W397370801","https://openalex.org/W565638796","https://openalex.org/W567874639","https://openalex.org/W578300925","https://openalex.org/W578584382","https://openalex.org/W918885930","https://openalex.org/W1495419098","https://openalex.org/W1497856011","https://openalex.org/W1502388085","https://openalex.org/W1526333779","https://openalex.org/W1529975861","https://openalex.org/W1532073982","https://openalex.org/W1534198929","https://openalex.org/W1537547771","https://openalex.org/W1540940861","https://openalex.org/W1556261887","https://openalex.org/W1601618420","https://openalex.org/W1602374198","https://openalex.org/W1604909128","https://openalex.org/W1608238977","https://openalex.org/W1714132059","https://openalex.org/W1727507497","https://openalex.org/W1964735047","https://openalex.org/W1965868677","https://openalex.org/W1967042038","https://openalex.org/W1967371805","https://openalex.org/W1967564341","https://openalex.org/W1970441067","https://openalex.org/W1970955382","https://openalex.org/W1972755324","https://openalex.org/W1975352827","https://openalex.org/W1975525977","https://openalex.org/W1979907230","https://openalex.org/W1988640842","https://openalex.org/W1996293917","https://openalex.org/W2004201361","https://openalex.org/W2013820510","https://openalex.org/W2018361521","https://openalex.org/W2020440142","https://openalex.org/W2023760245","https://openalex.org/W2028184439","https://openalex.org/W2050768357","https://openalex.org/W2065231053","https://openalex.org/W2072831243","https://openalex.org/W2075801888","https://openalex.org/W2078046106","https://openalex.org/W2080633489","https://openalex.org/W2082298179","https://openalex.org/W2091579301","https://openalex.org/W2101045954","https://openalex.org/W2107971134","https://openalex.org/W2118953194","https://openalex.org/W2119748171","https://openalex.org/W2124990143","https://openalex.org/W2130914035","https://openalex.org/W2135526934","https://openalex.org/W2135866537","https://openalex.org/W2137112378","https://openalex.org/W2140877597","https://openalex.org/W2142418121","https://openalex.org/W2145251909","https://openalex.org/W2145785612","https://openalex.org/W2146257737","https://openalex.org/W2150194963","https://openalex.org/W2150704630","https://openalex.org/W2151517224","https://openalex.org/W2151527246","https://openalex.org/W2156576935","https://openalex.org/W2158139600","https://openalex.org/W2161536823","https://openalex.org/W2168605160","https://openalex.org/W2317866279","https://openalex.org/W2320098007","https://openalex.org/W2329029318","https://openalex.org/W2468124100","https://openalex.org/W2481286965","https://openalex.org/W2486137291","https://openalex.org/W2490979969","https://openalex.org/W2626239712","https://openalex.org/W2789682599","https://openalex.org/W2795705015","https://openalex.org/W2798544580","https://openalex.org/W2801912492","https://openalex.org/W2895084344","https://openalex.org/W3104060564","https://openalex.org/W3124355776","https://openalex.org/W3125048458","https://openalex.org/W4211136176","https://openalex.org/W4230900875","https://openalex.org/W4236361279","https://openalex.org/W4238208558","https://openalex.org/W4240671868","https://openalex.org/W4240983158","https://openalex.org/W4240991674","https://openalex.org/W4251859756","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388147587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124276731","https://openalex.org/W1036048407","https://openalex.org/W1185307393","https://openalex.org/W2225837912","https://openalex.org/W3184967493","https://openalex.org/W1595152277","https://openalex.org/W1566995095","https://openalex.org/W2610523071","https://openalex.org/W1574672875","https://openalex.org/W1516834000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"services":[1,24,32],"sector":[2],"has":[3],"grown":[4],"over":[5],"the":[6],"last":[7],"50":[8],"years":[9],"to":[10,35],"dominate":[11],"economic":[12],"activity":[13],"in":[14],"most":[15],"advanced":[16],"industrial":[17],"economies,":[18],"yet":[19],"scientific":[20],"understanding":[21],"of":[22],"modern":[23],"is":[25],"rudimentary.":[26],"Here,":[27],"we":[28],"argue":[29],"for":[30],"a":[31],"science":[33],"discipline":[34],"integrate":[36],"across":[37],"academic":[38],"silos":[39],"and":[40],"advance":[41],"service":[42],"innovation":[43],"more":[44],"rapidly.":[45]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":98},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":113}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
