{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105300539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1134285.1134349","title":"Mining metrics to predict component failures","display_name":"Mining metrics to predict component failures","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105300539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1134285.1134349","mag":"2105300539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1134285.1134349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1134285.1134349","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Software engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101612061","display_name":"Nachiappan Nagappan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-4124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nachiappan Nagappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114248503","display_name":"Thomas Ball","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Ball","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051672229","display_name":"Andreas Zeller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4719-8803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Zeller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101612061"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":106.8718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":775,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99972121,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"452","last_page":"461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7309304475784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5455216765403748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.5376046895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.5207059979438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5075379610061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5073177218437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5022969245910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclomatic-complexity","display_name":"Cyclomatic complexity","score":0.4979734420776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-testing","display_name":"Regression testing","score":0.4948539137840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.489379346370697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.47744351625442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-regression","display_name":"Software regression","score":0.4454286992549896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.41708898544311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.416745662689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3952198922634125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.3272656798362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.2915831208229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.2735171914100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.25643157958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.23457235097885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20148006081581116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7309304475784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5455216765403748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.5376046895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.5207059979438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5075379610061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5073177218437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5022969245910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187303228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867330","display_name":"Cyclomatic complexity","level":3,"score":0.4979734420776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161821725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917415","display_name":"Regression testing","level":5,"score":0.4948539137840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.489379346370697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.47744351625442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191727507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24346","display_name":"Software regression","level":5,"score":0.4454286992549896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.41708898544311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.416745662689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3952198922634125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.3272656798362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.2915831208229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.2735171914100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.25643157958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.23457235097885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20148006081581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1134285.1134349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1134285.1134349","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Software engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1840884391","https://openalex.org/W1855396721","https://openalex.org/W1943125219","https://openalex.org/W1946080619","https://openalex.org/W1978974356","https://openalex.org/W2079729471","https://openalex.org/W2100945416","https://openalex.org/W2101728371","https://openalex.org/W2107643286","https://openalex.org/W2110385988","https://openalex.org/W2110656807","https://openalex.org/W2121394299","https://openalex.org/W2121866145","https://openalex.org/W2141558501","https://openalex.org/W2152820192","https://openalex.org/W2156482183","https://openalex.org/W2157353183","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2159610968","https://openalex.org/W2161648633","https://openalex.org/W2167926541","https://openalex.org/W2171733741","https://openalex.org/W4235354960","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300563891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183031094","https://openalex.org/W1983555736","https://openalex.org/W2806903162","https://openalex.org/W2381843559","https://openalex.org/W3089347606","https://openalex.org/W3183614852","https://openalex.org/W2069729796","https://openalex.org/W2397092005","https://openalex.org/W2754335648","https://openalex.org/W2794598182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"What":[0],"is":[1,36],"it":[2],"that":[3,23,43,64],"makes":[4],"software":[5,19,25],"fail?":[6],"In":[7],"an":[8],"empirical":[9],"study":[10],"of":[11,16,40,69],"the":[12,57,67],"post-release":[13,70],"defect":[14,50],"history":[15],"five":[17],"Microsoft":[18],"systems,":[20],"we":[21,60],"found":[22],"failure-prone":[24],"entities":[26],"are":[27],"statistically":[28],"correlated":[29],"with":[30],"code":[31,58],"complexity":[32,41],"measures.":[33],"However,":[34],"there":[35],"no":[37],"single":[38],"set":[39],"metrics":[42],"could":[44],"act":[45],"as":[46],"a":[47],"universally":[48],"best":[49],"predictor.":[51],"Using":[52],"principal":[53],"component":[54],"analysis":[55],"on":[56],"metrics,":[59],"built":[61],"regression":[62],"models":[63],"accurately":[65],"predict":[66],"likelihood":[68],"defects":[71],"for":[72,95],"new":[73],"entities.":[74],"The":[75],"approach":[76],"can":[77,91],"easily":[78],"be":[79,93],"generalized":[80],"to":[81],"arbitrary":[82],"projects;":[83],"in":[84],"particular,":[85],"predictors":[86],"obtained":[87],"from":[88],"one":[89],"project":[90],"also":[92],"significant":[94],"new,":[96],"similar":[97],"projects.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":48}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}