{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060031515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1133373.1133394","title":"Sub-operating systems","display_name":"Sub-operating systems","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060031515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1133373.1133394","mag":"2060031515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1133373.1133394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1133373.1133394","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC  - EW10","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022073151","display_name":"Sotiris Ioannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9340-2241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sotiris Ioannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania","#N#               * University of Pennsylvania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#               * University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078255942","display_name":"Steven M. Bellovin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1231-0407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. Bellovin","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs Research","AT&T Labs--Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs--Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104018094","display_name":"Jonathan M. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3309-6603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan M. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania","#N#               * University of Pennsylvania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#               * University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022073151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.709,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95144451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"108","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5536099076271057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5536099076271057}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1133373.1133394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1133373.1133394","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC  - EW10","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5043811","https://openalex.org/W24839522","https://openalex.org/W160001453","https://openalex.org/W1482766136","https://openalex.org/W1502167006","https://openalex.org/W1504054062","https://openalex.org/W1508969946","https://openalex.org/W1524958882","https://openalex.org/W1576501285","https://openalex.org/W1578158641","https://openalex.org/W1588567874","https://openalex.org/W1602897534","https://openalex.org/W1644882639","https://openalex.org/W1650006494","https://openalex.org/W1752750208","https://openalex.org/W1985439562","https://openalex.org/W2039553546","https://openalex.org/W2049217529","https://openalex.org/W2049962807","https://openalex.org/W2066137796","https://openalex.org/W2079029390","https://openalex.org/W2111087562","https://openalex.org/W2129780932","https://openalex.org/W2134727543","https://openalex.org/W2145287008","https://openalex.org/W2167911131","https://openalex.org/W2402789968","https://openalex.org/W2499974232","https://openalex.org/W3047001637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Users":[0],"regularly":[1],"exchange":[2],"apparently":[3],"innocuous":[4],"data":[5,16,36,43,101,104],"files":[6],"using":[7],"email":[8],"and":[9,47,74,121,147],"ftp.":[10],"While":[11],"the":[12,35,57,61,97,125,135],"users":[13,131],"view":[14],"these":[15],"as":[17,26],"passive,":[18],"there":[19],"are":[20,24,44,54,110],"situations":[21],"when":[22],"they":[23],"interpreted":[25],"code":[27],"by":[28],"some":[29],"system":[30,136],"application.":[31],"In":[32],"that":[33],"case":[34],"become":[37],"\"active\".":[38],"Some":[39],"examples":[40],"of":[41,52,60,70,99],"such":[42],"Java,":[45],"JavaScript":[46],"Microsoft":[48],"Word":[49],"attachments,":[50],"each":[51],"which":[53,91],"executed":[55],"within":[56],"security":[58],"context":[59],"user,":[62],"allowing":[63],"potentially":[64],"arbitrary":[65],"machine":[66],"access.":[67],"The":[68],"structure":[69],"current":[71],"operating":[72],"systems":[73],"user":[75,128],"applications":[76],"makes":[77],"solving":[78],"this":[79],"problem":[80],"challenging.We":[81],"propose":[82],"a":[83,113,149],"new":[84],"protection":[85],"mechanism":[86],"to":[87,144],"address":[88],"active":[89],"content,":[90],"applies":[92],"fine-grained":[93],"access":[94,141],"controls":[95],"at":[96,148],"level":[98],"individual":[100],"objects.":[102],"All":[103],"objects":[105],"arriving":[106],"from":[107],"remote":[108],"sources":[109],"tagged":[111],"with":[112],"non-removable":[114],"identifier.":[115],"This":[116],"identifier":[117],"dictates":[118],"its":[119],"permissions":[120],"privileges":[122],"rather":[123],"than":[124,153],"file":[126],"owner's":[127],"ID.":[129],"Since":[130],"possess":[132],"many":[133],"objects,":[134],"provides":[137],"far":[138,150],"more":[139],"precise":[140],"control":[142],"policies":[143],"be":[145],"enforced,":[146],"finer":[151],"granularity":[152],"previous":[154],"designs.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
