{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113154285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1132516.1132608","title":"Fast convergence to Wardrop equilibria by adaptive sampling methods","display_name":"Fast convergence to Wardrop equilibria by adaptive sampling methods","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113154285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1132516.1132608","mag":"2113154285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1132516.1132608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1132516.1132608","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the thirty-eighth annual ACM symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102991788","display_name":"Simon Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-9648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen, Germany","RWTH Aachen; Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen; Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016682913","display_name":"Harald R\u00e4cke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-717X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160992636","display_name":"Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02sn5gb64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160992636"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald R\u00e4cke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Technological Institute, Chicago, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Technological Institute, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160992636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066021048","display_name":"Berthold V\u00f6cking","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berthold V\u00f6cking","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen, Germany","RWTH Aachen; Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen; Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.4092,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99693097,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"653","last_page":"662"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7088481187820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6612237691879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5863949060440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5654102563858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5271995663642883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.4294931888580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21149137616157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10502246022224426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7088481187820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6612237691879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5863949060440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5654102563858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5271995663642883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.4294931888580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21149137616157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10502246022224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1132516.1132608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1132516.1132608","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the thirty-eighth annual ACM symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130824551","https://openalex.org/W625072069","https://openalex.org/W1536417626","https://openalex.org/W1597250926","https://openalex.org/W1994032071","https://openalex.org/W1995326443","https://openalex.org/W2012552037","https://openalex.org/W2014482607","https://openalex.org/W2015061583","https://openalex.org/W2058013927","https://openalex.org/W2058811846","https://openalex.org/W2096704096","https://openalex.org/W2099481767","https://openalex.org/W2112269231","https://openalex.org/W2119813346","https://openalex.org/W2133671968","https://openalex.org/W2145297839","https://openalex.org/W2145818164","https://openalex.org/W2154007983","https://openalex.org/W2154175791","https://openalex.org/W2169088379","https://openalex.org/W2175706438","https://openalex.org/W2235269566","https://openalex.org/W2797585760","https://openalex.org/W2798696546","https://openalex.org/W3161295396","https://openalex.org/W4232884945","https://openalex.org/W4236837911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210735314","https://openalex.org/W2092374696","https://openalex.org/W2307385607","https://openalex.org/W1705316893","https://openalex.org/W1517908938","https://openalex.org/W4315489088","https://openalex.org/W2129581964","https://openalex.org/W2375947969","https://openalex.org/W2049261842","https://openalex.org/W2047874730"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,250],"study":[1,73],"rerouting":[2,69,133],"policies":[3,70],"in":[4,23,151,166,276,284,348,354,370],"a":[5,10,64,132,146,162,176,183,202,235,252,332,349],"dynamic":[6],"round-based":[7],"variant":[8],"of":[9,26,39,51,75,149,171,179,189,195,204,288,295,304,326,338,357,379],"well":[11],"known":[12],"game":[13],"theoretic":[14],"traffic":[15,57,150],"model":[16,32],"due":[17],"to":[18,121,231,234,312,319],"Wardrop.":[19],"Previous":[20],"analyses":[21],"(mostly":[22],"the":[24,36,46,49,56,76,91,101,118,122,152,190,193,196,205,211,268,279,285,289,293,302,320,324,336,355,358,366,372,377],"context":[25],"selfish":[27],"routing)":[28],"based":[29,130,254],"on":[30,35,93,117,131,201,301,323],"Wardrop's":[31],"focus":[33],"mostly":[34],"static":[37,344],"analysis":[38],"equilibria.":[40],"In":[41,79],"this":[42,94,217],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,72,159,209,328],"ask":[45],"question":[47],"whether":[48],"population":[50],"agents":[52,168,174],"responsible":[53],"for":[54,262],"routing":[55,87],"can":[58,106,125,329],"jointly":[59],"compute":[60],"or":[61],"better":[62,123],"learn":[63],"Wardrop":[65,153,236,307],"equilibrium":[66,181,237],"efficiently.":[67],"The":[68],"that":[71,104,140,144,161,186,208,343,351,365,375],"are":[74,271],"following":[77],"kind.":[78],"each":[80,82],"round,":[81],"agent":[83,102],"samples":[84],"an":[85,136,220,243],"alternative":[86],"path":[88,95],"and":[89,192,257],"compares":[90],"latency":[92,109,206,269,290,314],"with":[96,113],"its":[97,108,259],"current":[98],"latency.":[99],"If":[100],"observes":[103],"it":[105,111],"improve":[107],"then":[110],"switches":[112],"some":[114],"probability":[115],"depending":[116],"possible":[119],"improvement":[120],"path.We":[124],"show":[126,160],"various":[127],"positive":[128,274],"results":[129,300],"policy":[134],"using":[135],"adaptive":[137,339],"sampling":[138,253,340,345],"rule":[139],"implicitly":[141],"amplifies":[142],"paths":[143],"carry":[145],"large":[147],"amount":[148],"equilibrium.":[154],"For":[155,214,265],"general":[156],"asymmetric":[157],"games,":[158,216],"simple":[163],"replication":[164,239],"protocol":[165,256],"which":[167],"adopt":[169],"strategies":[170],"more":[172],"successful":[173],"reaches":[175],"certain":[177],"kind":[178],"bicriteria":[180],"within":[182],"time":[184,261,281],"bound":[185,334,363],"is":[187,282,352],"independent":[188],"size":[191,356],"structure":[194],"network":[197],"but":[198],"only":[199],"depends":[200],"parameter":[203,374],"functions,":[207,315],"call":[210],"relative":[212,367],"slope.":[213],"symmetric":[215,263],"result":[218,347],"has":[219],"intuitive":[221],"interpretation:":[222],"Replication":[223],"approximately":[224],"satisfies":[225],"almost":[226],"everyone":[227],"very":[228],"quickly.In":[229],"order":[230],"achieve":[232],"convergence":[233,260,280,305],"besides":[238],"one":[240],"also":[241,330],"needs":[242],"exploration":[244],"component":[245],"discovering":[246],"possibly":[247],"unused":[248],"strategies.":[249],"present":[251,331],"replication-exploration":[255],"analyze":[258],"games.":[264],"example,":[266],"if":[267],"functions":[270],"defined":[272],"by":[273,341],"polynomials":[275],"coefficient":[277],"representation,":[278],"polynomial":[283],"representation":[286],"length":[287],"functions.":[291],"To":[292],"best":[294],"our":[296],"knowledge,":[297],"all":[298],"previous":[299],"speed":[303,325,378],"towards":[306],"equilibria,":[308],"even":[309],"when":[310],"restricted":[311],"linear":[313],"were":[316],"pseudopolynomial.In":[317],"addition":[318],"upper":[321],"bounds":[322],"convergence,":[327],"lower":[333,362],"demonstrating":[335],"necessity":[337],"showing":[342],"methods":[346],"slowdown":[350],"exponential":[353],"network.":[359],"A":[360],"further":[361],"illustrates":[364],"slope":[368],"is,":[369],"fact,":[371],"relevant":[373],"determines":[376],"convergence.":[380]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}