{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026089236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1128923.1128942","title":"Automatic layout for 3D user interfaces construction","display_name":"Automatic layout for 3D user interfaces construction","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026089236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1128923.1128942","mag":"2026089236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1128923.1128942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1128923.1128942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 ACM international conference on Virtual reality continuum and its applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110012190","display_name":"Wai Leng Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wai Leng Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633156","display_name":"Mark Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-6205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39470171","display_name":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016zre027","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ontario, Institute of Technology","University of Ontario Institute of Technology,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ontario, Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110012190"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58404803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"113","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8050585985183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.6207053661346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5127042531967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5005786418914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface-design","display_name":"User interface design","score":0.4844358265399933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4792649447917938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4236515164375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-wimp","display_name":"Post-WIMP","score":0.4207918047904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.4161437749862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.4123589098453522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface-testing","display_name":"Graphical user interface testing","score":0.2982091009616852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.20847445726394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.17597630620002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17205676436424255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8050585985183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.6207053661346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5127042531967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5005786418914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149229913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135707","display_name":"User interface design","level":3,"score":0.4844358265399933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4792649447917938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4236515164375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163847158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233492","display_name":"Post-WIMP","level":5,"score":0.4207918047904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.4161437749862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.4123589098453522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66153210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597182","display_name":"Graphical user interface testing","level":4,"score":0.2982091009616852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.20847445726394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.17597630620002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17205676436424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1128923.1128942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1128923.1128942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 ACM international conference on Virtual reality continuum and its applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310923","display_name":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016zre027"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495719878","https://openalex.org/W1561256858","https://openalex.org/W1994515851","https://openalex.org/W2009551742","https://openalex.org/W2024585795","https://openalex.org/W2043055895","https://openalex.org/W2049287964","https://openalex.org/W2056892030","https://openalex.org/W2057361680","https://openalex.org/W2092248501","https://openalex.org/W2117081378","https://openalex.org/W2134342348","https://openalex.org/W2134450108","https://openalex.org/W2170878722","https://openalex.org/W2610812143","https://openalex.org/W2789138443","https://openalex.org/W3152207414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066157335","https://openalex.org/W1600711952","https://openalex.org/W2774812908","https://openalex.org/W2019163493","https://openalex.org/W24218872","https://openalex.org/W1547777009","https://openalex.org/W2205718666","https://openalex.org/W2183494409","https://openalex.org/W1882620469","https://openalex.org/W2154998455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"layout":[1,81],"techniques":[2,22,77,91],"have":[3,93],"been":[4,94],"used":[5,95],"in":[6,42,68,96],"a":[7,30,107],"number":[8],"of":[9,38,58,87],"specific":[10],"application":[11,66],"domains,":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"graph":[15],"drawing":[16],"and":[17,33,65,90,103],"VLSI":[18],"design.":[19],"While":[20],"these":[21],"are":[23,27],"quite":[24],"powerful,":[25],"they":[26],"restricted":[28],"to":[29,78],"particular":[31],"domain":[32],"don't":[34],"address":[35],"the":[36,80,88],"range":[37],"applications":[39],"dealt":[40],"with":[41,106],"3D":[43,51,69],"user":[44,52,63],"interfaces.":[45],"The":[46],"Grappl":[47],"system":[48],"automatically":[49],"generates":[50],"interfaces":[53],"at":[54],"run":[55],"time.":[56],"Part":[57],"this":[59],"process":[60],"is":[61,72],"placing":[62],"interface":[64],"objects":[67],"space.":[70],"This":[71,83],"achieved":[73],"by":[74],"using":[75],"policy":[76,97,102],"automate":[79],"process.":[82],"paper":[84],"presents":[85],"some":[86],"features":[89],"that":[92],"implementation,":[98],"including":[99],"relative":[100],"position":[101],"grouping":[104],"policy,":[105],"few":[108],"example":[109],"applications.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}