{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2044056205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1125451.1125581","title":"Instant messaging comprehension with non-keyboard composition","display_name":"Instant messaging comprehension with non-keyboard composition","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2044056205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1125451.1125581","mag":"2044056205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1125451.1125581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1125451.1125581","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075823580","display_name":"Jeffrey D. Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-8135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey D. Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMBC, Baltimore, MD","UMBC, Baltimore MD#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMBC, Baltimore, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMBC, Baltimore MD#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074561761","display_name":"Christine Naclerio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39660569","display_name":"Colgate University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d23ve83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39660569"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Naclerio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colgate University, Hamilton, NY","Colgate University, Hamilton, NY#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colgate University, Hamilton, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39660569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colgate University, Hamilton, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39660569"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11262959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"628","last_page":"633"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.810260534286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7674455642700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6705185174942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instant-messaging","display_name":"Instant messaging","score":0.6087875962257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.6008943319320679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5053291916847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4002763032913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08799883723258972}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.810260534286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7674455642700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6705185174942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985487447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58199","display_name":"Instant messaging","level":2,"score":0.6087875962257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.6008943319320679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5053291916847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4002763032913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08799883723258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1125451.1125581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1125451.1125581","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484282073","https://openalex.org/W1993704986","https://openalex.org/W2051059879","https://openalex.org/W2105019053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388180914","https://openalex.org/W2063708026","https://openalex.org/W2507888814","https://openalex.org/W3118925046","https://openalex.org/W2381764175","https://openalex.org/W2561540377","https://openalex.org/W2360066868","https://openalex.org/W3084909207","https://openalex.org/W1694630026","https://openalex.org/W3166464480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"comparison":[1],"of":[2,5,7,50,112],"the":[3,26,51,55,60,73,86,97,121],"accuracy":[4,122],"comprehension":[6],"Instant":[8],"Messaging":[9],"(IM)":[10],"messages":[11,31,52,77,113],"composed":[12],"using":[13],"a":[14],"keyboard,":[15],"handwriting":[16,42,82],"recognition":[17,20,83,116],"and":[18,81,96],"speech":[19,44,115],"was":[21,68],"performed.":[22],"The":[23,62],"participants":[24,104],"in":[25,85,109],"study":[27],"were":[28,99,128],"shown":[29],"text":[30,87],"either":[32],"containing":[33,114],"no":[34],"errors":[35,38,56,67,84,117],"or":[36,43],"having":[37],"caused":[39],"by":[40,53],"typing,":[41],"recognition.":[45],"They":[46],"demonstrated":[47],"their":[48,110],"understanding":[49,111],"correcting":[54],"as":[57],"they":[58],"retyped":[59],"messages.":[61],"time":[63,74],"to":[64,75,91],"correct":[65,92],"typographical":[66,94],"not":[69,129],"significantly":[70,89,100,130],"different":[71],"from":[72,124],"type":[76],"without":[78],"errors.":[79],"Speech":[80],"took":[88],"longer":[90],"than":[93,118],"errors,":[95],"results":[98,123],"less":[101],"accurate.":[102],"Interestingly,":[103],"expressed":[105],"slightly":[106],"higher":[107],"confidence":[108],"handwriting,":[119],"but":[120],"those":[125],"two":[126],"categories":[127],"different.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}