{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014596857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1118890.1118892","title":"When and how to develop domain-specific languages","display_name":"When and how to develop domain-specific languages","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014596857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1118890.1118892","mag":"2014596857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1118890.1118892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1118890.1118892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081521788","display_name":"Marjan Mernik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-0667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37696226","display_name":"University of Maribor","ror":"https://ror.org/01d5jce07","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marjan Mernik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia","University of Maribor , Maribor, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maribor , Maribor, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026867311","display_name":"Jan Heering","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-1993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341640284","display_name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica","ror":"https://ror.org/00x7ekv49","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284","https://openalex.org/I2800991832","https://openalex.org/I4405262988"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Heering","raw_affiliation_strings":["CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341640284"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061957698","display_name":"Anthony M. Sloane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-7360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony M. Sloane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":54.2738,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1706,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99919614,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"316","last_page":"344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-subscriber-line","display_name":"Digital subscriber line","score":0.9789968132972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8765404224395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-specific-language","display_name":"Domain-specific language","score":0.8628432750701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6107865571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5666490793228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-analysis","display_name":"Domain analysis","score":0.5100443959236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.48517805337905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4626655578613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.26190829277038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.07642123103141785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201374245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104534","display_name":"Digital subscriber line","level":2,"score":0.9789968132972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8765404224395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135257023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691358","display_name":"Domain-specific language","level":2,"score":0.8628432750701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6107865571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5666490793228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271801","display_name":"Domain analysis","level":5,"score":0.5100443959236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.48517805337905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4626655578613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.26190829277038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.07642123103141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1118890.1118892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1118890.1118892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":161,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18991458","https://openalex.org/W68605010","https://openalex.org/W75184859","https://openalex.org/W84258820","https://openalex.org/W84930537","https://openalex.org/W101519434","https://openalex.org/W116654777","https://openalex.org/W131352529","https://openalex.org/W166724137","https://openalex.org/W169712271","https://openalex.org/W170403769","https://openalex.org/W179947084","https://openalex.org/W193641526","https://openalex.org/W294240256","https://openalex.org/W597701566","https://openalex.org/W639538404","https://openalex.org/W1495191461","https://openalex.org/W1495686243","https://openalex.org/W1500250067","https://openalex.org/W1502173850","https://openalex.org/W1510687364","https://openalex.org/W1512095083","https://openalex.org/W1522006088","https://openalex.org/W1527677027","https://openalex.org/W1527793496","https://openalex.org/W1531088406","https://openalex.org/W1540243284","https://openalex.org/W1544331224","https://openalex.org/W1556604985","https://openalex.org/W1561736547","https://openalex.org/W1563382076","https://openalex.org/W1565790625","https://openalex.org/W1568382263","https://openalex.org/W1571254960","https://openalex.org/W1575900461","https://openalex.org/W1577783107","https://openalex.org/W1589649148","https://openalex.org/W1590101024","https://openalex.org/W1599055565","https://openalex.org/W1605558828","https://openalex.org/W1628797434","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1726527391","https://openalex.org/W1780418050","https://openalex.org/W1798190463","https://openalex.org/W1801888031","https://openalex.org/W1839902311","https://openalex.org/W1844479717","https://openalex.org/W1939467000","https://openalex.org/W1958582444","https://openalex.org/W1971518244","https://openalex.org/W1976566239","https://openalex.org/W1978220811","https://openalex.org/W1982448885","https://openalex.org/W1987553023","https://openalex.org/W1991319391","https://openalex.org/W1991681855","https://openalex.org/W1996538785","https://openalex.org/W2000525071","https://openalex.org/W2000722817","https://openalex.org/W2001638679","https://openalex.org/W2008579643","https://openalex.org/W2009097011","https://openalex.org/W2014689431","https://openalex.org/W2015692375","https://openalex.org/W2018853936","https://openalex.org/W2019072091","https://openalex.org/W2022460721","https://openalex.org/W2023907376","https://openalex.org/W2024525178","https://openalex.org/W2024905615","https://openalex.org/W2026049208","https://openalex.org/W2032534941","https://openalex.org/W2034503224","https://openalex.org/W2048859977","https://openalex.org/W2054928273","https://openalex.org/W2060160091","https://openalex.org/W2061040478","https://openalex.org/W2061659496","https://openalex.org/W2061669176","https://openalex.org/W2066777031","https://openalex.org/W2067004633","https://openalex.org/W2071927514","https://openalex.org/W2072277531","https://openalex.org/W2075253235","https://openalex.org/W2075327621","https://openalex.org/W2082899337","https://openalex.org/W2098681203","https://openalex.org/W2098686415","https://openalex.org/W2099213660","https://openalex.org/W2100020698","https://openalex.org/W2100895292","https://openalex.org/W2102832761","https://openalex.org/W2103107119","https://openalex.org/W2106247017","https://openalex.org/W2108980956","https://openalex.org/W2110066118","https://openalex.org/W2110712265","https://openalex.org/W2111822924","https://openalex.org/W2112364246","https://openalex.org/W2112502429","https://openalex.org/W2112569315","https://openalex.org/W2114739399","https://openalex.org/W2116012084","https://openalex.org/W2122407698","https://openalex.org/W2127340092","https://openalex.org/W2128987823","https://openalex.org/W2129364310","https://openalex.org/W2132897767","https://openalex.org/W2135653217","https://openalex.org/W2139444755","https://openalex.org/W2140083133","https://openalex.org/W2141916688","https://openalex.org/W2142510218","https://openalex.org/W2144343030","https://openalex.org/W2149865393","https://openalex.org/W2150894573","https://openalex.org/W2153773983","https://openalex.org/W2155028447","https://openalex.org/W2159400269","https://openalex.org/W2160901341","https://openalex.org/W2161345821","https://openalex.org/W2162546016","https://openalex.org/W2164078185","https://openalex.org/W2164453407","https://openalex.org/W2165875645","https://openalex.org/W2166091981","https://openalex.org/W2167500728","https://openalex.org/W2167605301","https://openalex.org/W2169336925","https://openalex.org/W2171815318","https://openalex.org/W2223046624","https://openalex.org/W2294861651","https://openalex.org/W2338961734","https://openalex.org/W2460874981","https://openalex.org/W2480845601","https://openalex.org/W2483146133","https://openalex.org/W2546579087","https://openalex.org/W2569967313","https://openalex.org/W2592270044","https://openalex.org/W2613133125","https://openalex.org/W2800633717","https://openalex.org/W2911646362","https://openalex.org/W2913602891","https://openalex.org/W2914819579","https://openalex.org/W2987827267","https://openalex.org/W3021971982","https://openalex.org/W3034566726","https://openalex.org/W3037969376","https://openalex.org/W3113163436","https://openalex.org/W3137069269","https://openalex.org/W4240243512","https://openalex.org/W4242080301","https://openalex.org/W4246553962","https://openalex.org/W4250267379","https://openalex.org/W4252411141","https://openalex.org/W4254619011","https://openalex.org/W4255467168","https://openalex.org/W6635353048","https://openalex.org/W6732186033","https://openalex.org/W6738108174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119542776","https://openalex.org/W2014596857","https://openalex.org/W2582410692","https://openalex.org/W1485300234","https://openalex.org/W2058907533","https://openalex.org/W2258960507","https://openalex.org/W2140083133","https://openalex.org/W2097052821","https://openalex.org/W2807362905","https://openalex.org/W4252103056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Domain-specific":[0],"languages":[1,4,25],"(DSLs)":[2],"are":[3],"tailored":[5],"to":[6,51,101,148],"a":[7,53,103,156],"specific":[8],"application":[9,70],"domain.":[10],"They":[11],"offer":[12],"substantial":[13],"gains":[14],"in":[15,26,113],"expressiveness":[16],"and":[17,39,63,93,99,118,127,141],"ease":[18],"of":[19,29,81,121,158],"use":[20],"compared":[21],"with":[22],"general-purpose":[23],"programming":[24],"their":[27],"domain":[28,37,138],"application.":[30],"DSL":[31,54,90,108,122,132,151],"development":[32,41,80,91,143],"is":[33,55,85],"hard,":[34],"requiring":[35],"both":[36],"knowledge":[38],"language":[40,142],"expertise.":[42],"Few":[43],"people":[44],"have":[45,75],"both.":[46],"Not":[47],"surprisingly,":[48],"the":[49,69,79,107,114],"decision":[50],"develop":[52,102],"often":[56],"postponed":[57],"indefinitely,":[58],"if":[59],"considered":[60],"at":[61],"all,":[62],"most":[64],"DSLs":[65],"never":[66],"get":[67],"beyond":[68],"library":[71],"stage.Although":[72],"many":[73,94],"articles":[74],"been":[76],"written":[77],"on":[78,89,131],"particular":[82],"DSLs,":[83],"there":[84],"very":[86],"limited":[87],"literature":[88],"methodologies":[92],"questions":[95],"remain":[96],"regarding":[97],"when":[98],"how":[100],"DSL.":[104],"To":[105],"aid":[106],"developer,":[109],"we":[110,154],"identify":[111],"patterns":[112,125],"decision,":[115],"analysis,":[116],"design,":[117],"implementation":[119],"phases":[120],"development.":[123,152],"Our":[124],"improve":[126],"extend":[128],"earlier":[129],"work":[130],"design":[133],"patterns.":[134],"We":[135],"also":[136],"discuss":[137],"analysis":[139],"tools":[140],"systems":[144],"that":[145],"may":[146],"help":[147],"speed":[149],"up":[150],"Finally,":[153],"present":[155],"number":[157],"open":[159],"problems.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":126},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":134},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":142},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":140}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}