{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057779758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1111037.1111062","title":"A virtual class calculus","display_name":"A virtual class calculus","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057779758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1111037.1111062","mag":"2057779758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1111037.1111062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1111037.1111062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conference record of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077851594","display_name":"Erik Ernst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1705-609X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Ernst","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049077225","display_name":"Klaus Ostermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5294-5506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Ostermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany","Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029147559","display_name":"William R. Cook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-8975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":150,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"270","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.7290076017379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7174474000930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6441112160682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6167379021644592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45901668071746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4281117618083954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4211188852787018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1774701178073883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.7290076017379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7174474000930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6441112160682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6167379021644592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45901668071746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4281117618083954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4211188852787018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1774701178073883}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1111037.1111062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1111037.1111062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conference record of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:28558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/28558/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510878057","https://openalex.org/W1526736056","https://openalex.org/W1537618227","https://openalex.org/W1557561422","https://openalex.org/W1564310313","https://openalex.org/W1567378416","https://openalex.org/W1569578717","https://openalex.org/W1577182889","https://openalex.org/W1593666219","https://openalex.org/W1600168243","https://openalex.org/W1739798036","https://openalex.org/W1871430636","https://openalex.org/W1970065896","https://openalex.org/W1975091685","https://openalex.org/W1991604845","https://openalex.org/W2033348393","https://openalex.org/W2049773429","https://openalex.org/W2056821525","https://openalex.org/W2061180491","https://openalex.org/W2084315690","https://openalex.org/W2087384268","https://openalex.org/W2097304805","https://openalex.org/W2105406149","https://openalex.org/W2115680394","https://openalex.org/W2126451379","https://openalex.org/W2127581079","https://openalex.org/W2150101804","https://openalex.org/W2169934995","https://openalex.org/W2171747309","https://openalex.org/W2172232818","https://openalex.org/W2622427009","https://openalex.org/W2913972837","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6633355477","https://openalex.org/W6638222473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117798332","https://openalex.org/W4243252198","https://openalex.org/W2118300983","https://openalex.org/W2112962394","https://openalex.org/W3137189469","https://openalex.org/W4235530921","https://openalex.org/W2080575293","https://openalex.org/W2382501300","https://openalex.org/W2561856298","https://openalex.org/W4237428255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0,72],"classes":[1,11,37,55,73,90,141,162],"are":[2,12,29,38,174],"class-valued":[3],"attributes":[4],"of":[5,47,68,88,97,133,160,171,177,183,188,191],"objects.":[6],"Like":[7],"virtual":[8,10,36,54,69,89,140,152,161],"methods,":[9],"defined":[13,31],"in":[14,91,123,163],"an":[15],"object's":[16],"class":[17,70,153],"and":[18,82,114,180,185],"may":[19],"be":[20],"redefined":[21],"within":[22,32],"subclasses.":[23],"They":[24],"resemble":[25],"inner":[26],"classes,":[27],"which":[28],"also":[30],"a":[33,48,65,118,134,144,151,175,186],"class,":[34],"but":[35],"accessed":[39],"through":[40],"object":[41,58,62],"instances,":[42],"not":[43,106],"as":[44,52],"static":[45,98,121,127,181],"components":[46],"class.":[49],"When":[50],"used":[51,117],"types,":[53],"depend":[56],"upon":[57],"identity":[59],"--":[60],"each":[61],"instance":[63],"introduces":[64],"new":[66],"family":[67,83],"types.":[71],"support":[74],"large-scale":[75],"program":[76],"composition":[77],"techniques,":[78],"including":[79],"higher-order":[80],"hierarchies":[81],"polymorphism.":[84],"The":[85,168],"original":[86],"definition":[87],"BETA":[92],"left":[93],"open":[94,146],"the":[95,111,131,158,172,178,189],"question":[96],"type":[99,103,128],"safety,":[100],"since":[101],"some":[102],"errors":[104],"were":[105],"caught":[107],"until":[108],"runtime.":[109],"Later":[110],"languages":[112],"Caesar":[113],"gbeta":[115],"have":[116],"more":[119],"strict":[120],"analysis":[122],"order":[124],"to":[125],"ensure":[126],"safety.":[129],"However,":[130],"existence":[132],"sound,":[135],"statically":[136],"typed":[137],"model":[138],"for":[139],"has":[142],"been":[143],"long-standing":[145],"question.":[147],"This":[148],"paper":[149,173],"presents":[150],"calculus,":[154],"VC,":[155],"that":[156],"captures":[157],"essence":[159],"these":[164],"full-fledged":[165],"programming":[166],"languages.":[167],"key":[169],"contributions":[170],"formalization":[176],"dynamic":[179],"semantics":[182],"VC":[184],"proof":[187],"soundness":[190],"VC.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
