{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984933577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1109069.1109095","title":"To consolidate or distribute?","display_name":"To consolidate or distribute?","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984933577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1109069.1109095","mag":"1984933577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1109069.1109095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1109069.1109095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71913804","display_name":"interactions","issn_l":"1072-5520","issn":["1072-5520","1558-3449"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048644318","display_name":"Linn Johnk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127415","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/0333dtq15","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210127415"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linn Johnk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Company","Hewlett Packard Company"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Company","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127415"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Company","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060021330","display_name":"Meera Manahan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127415","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/0333dtq15","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210127415"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meera Manahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Company","Hewlett Packard Company"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Company","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127415"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Company","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083017758","display_name":"Tom Graefe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127415","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/0333dtq15","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210127415"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Graefe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Company","Hewlett Packard Company"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Company","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127415"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Company","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21306044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.4023999869823456,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.4023999869823456,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14147","display_name":"Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development","score":0.3538999855518341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohesion","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","score":0.7492033243179321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5466301441192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5008201599121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.49490612745285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-service","display_name":"Customer service","score":0.4788634479045868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.46532222628593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4556986093521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-business-unit","display_name":"Strategic business unit","score":0.4314541220664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-review","display_name":"Business Review","score":0.4286413788795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.3946387767791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3723371624946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3674365282058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3401090204715729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26298046112060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2432737648487091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1685691475868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.09262722730636597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.7492033243179321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5466301441192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5008201599121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.49490612745285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984334869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060653","display_name":"Customer service","level":3,"score":0.4788634479045868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.46532222628593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4556986093521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87931564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752211","display_name":"Strategic business unit","level":2,"score":0.4314541220664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777295542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16856222","display_name":"Business Review","level":2,"score":0.4286413788795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.3946387767791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3723371624946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3674365282058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3401090204715729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26298046112060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2432737648487091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1685691475868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09262722730636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1109069.1109095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1109069.1109095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71913804","display_name":"interactions","issn_l":"1072-5520","issn":["1072-5520","1558-3449"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactions","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2217121926","https://openalex.org/W2356003553","https://openalex.org/W1534130421","https://openalex.org/W2346502948","https://openalex.org/W2375916395","https://openalex.org/W2367499504","https://openalex.org/W3039123250","https://openalex.org/W2391193343","https://openalex.org/W2388687482","https://openalex.org/W2388226405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,69],"large":[1],"companies,":[2],"the":[3,22,25,93,97],"processes":[4],"of":[5,24],"user-centered":[6],"design":[7,14],"(UCD)---or":[8],"as":[9],"these":[10],"authors":[11,74],"say,":[12],"\"customer-centered":[13],"(CCD)\"---may":[15],"be":[16],"similar":[17],"across":[18,66,92],"business":[19,58,67,103],"units,":[20],"but":[21],"content":[23],"work":[26],"may":[27],"differ":[28],"dramatically":[29],"from":[30],"one":[31],"unit":[32],"to":[33,49,56,87],"another.":[34],"Thus,":[35],"like":[36],"many":[37],"other":[38],"\"minority\"":[39],"professions,":[40],"User":[41],"Experience":[42],"and":[43,54,64,78,101,107],"UCD":[44],"communities":[45],"struggle":[46],"with":[47,60],"how":[48,76],"balance":[50],"full":[51],"involvement":[52],"in":[53],"service":[55],"their":[57,79,89,102],"units":[59],"coordination,":[61],"professional":[62,90],"cohesion,":[63],"leadership":[65],"units.":[68,104],"this":[70],"month's":[71],"column,":[72],"our":[73],"discuss":[75],"they":[77],"colleagues":[80],"at":[81],"Hewlett":[82],"Packard":[83],"have":[84],"been":[85],"working":[86],"strengthen":[88],"community":[91],"company,":[94],"while":[95],"preserving":[96],"ties":[98],"linking":[99],"practitioners":[100],"---Susan":[105],"Dray":[106],"David":[108],"Siegel":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
