{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4242444036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1108792.1108806","title":"Invariants and state in testing and formal methods","display_name":"Invariants and state in testing and formal methods","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4242444036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1108792.1108806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1108792.1108806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1108792.1108806","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGSOFT workshop on Program analysis for software tools and engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011587098","display_name":"Dick Hamlet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dick Hamlet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Portland State University, Portland, OR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Portland State University, Portland, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011587098"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71388889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"48","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viewpoints","display_name":"Viewpoints","score":0.7584373950958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6726908683776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.61807781457901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.49924230575561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-box-testing","display_name":"White-box testing","score":0.4517362713813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.4483380615711212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.42872336506843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-based-testing","display_name":"Model-based testing","score":0.42300522327423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.41949746012687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-testing","display_name":"Software testing","score":0.4139048457145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.385813444852829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.2686156630516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.20322638750076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.1980929672718048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.08394402265548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.07986569404602051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928819","display_name":"Viewpoints","level":2,"score":0.7584373950958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6726908683776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.61807781457901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49924230575561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162443782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066228","display_name":"White-box testing","level":5,"score":0.4517362713813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.4483380615711212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.42872336506843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165825675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399743","display_name":"Model-based testing","level":4,"score":0.42300522327423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.41949746012687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984328558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188522","display_name":"Software testing","level":3,"score":0.4139048457145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.385813444852829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2686156630516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.20322638750076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.1980929672718048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.08394402265548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.07986569404602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1108792.1108806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1108792.1108806","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGSOFT workshop on Program analysis for software tools and engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018229346","https://openalex.org/W2115484804","https://openalex.org/W2131507481","https://openalex.org/W2610485112","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W3106729728","https://openalex.org/W4232022279","https://openalex.org/W4251912342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145025660","https://openalex.org/W2171674700","https://openalex.org/W1922520186","https://openalex.org/W1903167137","https://openalex.org/W2049993111","https://openalex.org/W2045204345","https://openalex.org/W1950421680","https://openalex.org/W2034589735","https://openalex.org/W2020416949","https://openalex.org/W1524023863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Logical":[0],"formulas":[1,18],"called":[2],"invariants":[3],"are":[4],"a":[5],"staple":[6],"of":[7,49],"formal":[8,50,59],"methods":[9,51,60],"for":[10],"program":[11],"analysis.":[12],"Persistent-state":[13],"variables":[14],"appear":[15],"in":[16,63],"these":[17],"playing":[19],"their":[20],"proper":[21],"intuitive":[22],"role,":[23],"which":[24,75],"is":[25,40,67],"somewhere":[26],"between":[27],"inputs":[28],"and":[29,52,79],"internal":[30],"variables.":[31],"In":[32],"software":[33],"testing":[34,53],"theory,":[35],"on":[36],"the":[37,47],"contrary,":[38],"state":[39],"not":[41],"usually":[42],"accorded":[43],"explicit":[44],"treatment.":[45],"Comparing":[46],"viewpoints":[48],"theory":[54],"suggests":[55],"new":[56],"roles":[57],"that":[58],"can":[61],"play":[62],"testing.":[64],"This":[65],"examination":[66],"motivated":[68],"by":[69],"recent":[70],"systems":[71],"such":[72],"as":[73],"Daikon,":[74],"use":[76],"both":[77],"tests":[78],"invariants.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
