{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990011601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102256.1102275","title":"Binary rule encoding schemes","display_name":"Binary rule encoding schemes","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990011601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102256.1102275","mag":"1990011601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1102256.1102275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102256.1102275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th annual workshop on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036640710","display_name":"Xavier Llor\u00e0","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Llor\u00e0","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL","[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109916092","display_name":"Kumara Sastry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumara Sastry","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL","[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110057218","display_name":"David E. Goldberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David E. Goldberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL","[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73900814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"88","last_page":"89"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11663","display_name":"Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7587608695030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6967917084693909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6738499402999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6501423716545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6033787131309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5376670360565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.5081272125244141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-rule","display_name":"Learning rule","score":0.5025789737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-classifier-system","display_name":"Learning classifier system","score":0.46813568472862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3805498480796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3653978705406189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33772701025009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33085471391677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.18843680620193481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15200063586235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.11346641182899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.07340684533119202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7587608695030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6967917084693909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6738499402999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6501423716545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6033787131309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5376670360565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.5081272125244141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779127903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510194","display_name":"Learning rule","level":3,"score":0.5025789737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199190896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3509276","display_name":"Learning classifier system","level":3,"score":0.46813568472862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3805498480796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3653978705406189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33772701025009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33085471391677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.18843680620193481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15200063586235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.11346641182899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.07340684533119202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1102256.1102275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102256.1102275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th annual workshop on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137305107","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1592894394","https://openalex.org/W1606791384","https://openalex.org/W1692958259","https://openalex.org/W1987625741","https://openalex.org/W1989101984","https://openalex.org/W1998643507","https://openalex.org/W2067498052","https://openalex.org/W2116832689","https://openalex.org/W2138135326","https://openalex.org/W2139015486","https://openalex.org/W2149249560","https://openalex.org/W2162036626","https://openalex.org/W2410791435","https://openalex.org/W2414365832","https://openalex.org/W2477329842","https://openalex.org/W2529272263","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W3139802886","https://openalex.org/W3154803405","https://openalex.org/W6629610141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382934300","https://openalex.org/W2121061354","https://openalex.org/W4285388059","https://openalex.org/W812515830","https://openalex.org/W2090182691","https://openalex.org/W2307006421","https://openalex.org/W2963162645","https://openalex.org/W2018284899","https://openalex.org/W2899215555","https://openalex.org/W2032293014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"binary":[1,48,83],"rule":[2,20,49],"encoding":[3,21,50,72],"schemes":[4,51],"have":[5],"been":[6],"proposed":[7],"for":[8],"Pittsburgh-style":[9,90],"classifier":[10,34,91],"systems.":[11,35],"This":[12],"paper":[13],"focus":[14],"on":[15,89],"the":[16,24,60,70,82,99,104],"analysis":[17,38],"of":[18,26,39,62,81,98],"how":[19],"may":[22],"bias":[23],"scalability":[25,61],"learning":[27,66],"maximally":[28,40],"general":[29,41],"and":[30,42,93],"accurate":[31,43],"rules":[32,44,101],"by":[33],"The":[36],"theoretical":[37,54],"using":[45],"two":[46],"different":[47],"showed":[52],"some":[53],"results":[55,75],"with":[56],"clear":[57],"implications":[58],"to":[59],"any":[63],"genetic-based":[64],"machine":[65],"system":[67],"that":[68],"uses":[69],"studied":[71,85],"schemes.":[73],"Such":[74],"are":[76],"clearly":[77],"relevant":[78],"since":[79],"one":[80],"representations":[84],"is":[86],"widely":[87],"used":[88],"systems,":[92],"shows":[94],"an":[95],"exponential":[96],"shrink":[97],"useful":[100],"available":[102],"as":[103],"problem":[105],"size":[106],"increases.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
