{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151996777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102120.1102150","title":"Fast and automated generation of attack signatures","display_name":"Fast and automated generation of attack signatures","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151996777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102120.1102150","mag":"2151996777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1102120.1102150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102120.1102150","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084611756","display_name":"Zhenkai Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7138-5030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenkai Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102886132","display_name":"R. Sekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9135-3296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.266,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":178,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99405246,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"213","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.84470534324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6687986850738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6548269987106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6128037571907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloom-filter","display_name":"Bloom filter","score":0.6119161248207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.553625226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.536439061164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.5223254561424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5006377696990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-surface","display_name":"Attack surface","score":0.4619027078151703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4351934790611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43514493107795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timing-attack","display_name":"Timing attack","score":0.4315853714942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zombie","display_name":"Zombie","score":0.4216969609260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4184713065624237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4056239426136017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.26205047965049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.21779698133468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17842796444892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11035123467445374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.84470534324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6687986850738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6548269987106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6128037571907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147224247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q885373","display_name":"Bloom filter","level":2,"score":0.6119161248207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.553625226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.536439061164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5223254561424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5006377696990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.4619027078151703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4351934790611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43514493107795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28420585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665075","display_name":"Timing attack","level":4,"score":0.4315853714942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144446859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219164","display_name":"Zombie","level":2,"score":0.4216969609260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4184713065624237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4056239426136017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.26205047965049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.21779698133468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17842796444892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11035123467445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1102120.1102150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102120.1102150","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1112477","https://openalex.org/W88694106","https://openalex.org/W206265171","https://openalex.org/W1499992849","https://openalex.org/W1502476232","https://openalex.org/W1535713556","https://openalex.org/W1545927878","https://openalex.org/W1546149892","https://openalex.org/W1568015003","https://openalex.org/W1593678010","https://openalex.org/W1597305440","https://openalex.org/W1655226010","https://openalex.org/W1670263352","https://openalex.org/W1671661096","https://openalex.org/W1745893157","https://openalex.org/W1825457006","https://openalex.org/W1876033015","https://openalex.org/W2033811087","https://openalex.org/W2056452385","https://openalex.org/W2097174997","https://openalex.org/W2098010707","https://openalex.org/W2101699859","https://openalex.org/W2102902405","https://openalex.org/W2102970979","https://openalex.org/W2106649514","https://openalex.org/W2116065364","https://openalex.org/W2117703831","https://openalex.org/W2126059122","https://openalex.org/W2134514889","https://openalex.org/W2137786570","https://openalex.org/W2140073981","https://openalex.org/W2140611647","https://openalex.org/W2145027384","https://openalex.org/W2153164877","https://openalex.org/W2162986442","https://openalex.org/W2163762767","https://openalex.org/W2165100126","https://openalex.org/W2171264329","https://openalex.org/W4234020632","https://openalex.org/W4254762831","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127784084","https://openalex.org/W2950578529","https://openalex.org/W2086416962","https://openalex.org/W4383553080","https://openalex.org/W2155669648","https://openalex.org/W4293879742","https://openalex.org/W2212047860","https://openalex.org/W2167538128","https://openalex.org/W2148425737","https://openalex.org/W4300824226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large-scale":[0],"attacks,":[1],"such":[2,21],"as":[3,22],"those":[4],"launched":[5],"by":[6,227],"worms":[7],"and":[8,33,91,152,211],"zombie":[9],"farms,":[10],"pose":[11],"a":[12,47,56,74,78,94,113,228],"serious":[13],"threat":[14],"to":[15,28,82,85,105,145,186,223],"our":[16,162,198],"network-centric":[17],"society.":[18],"Existing":[19],"approaches":[20],"software":[23],"patches":[24],"are":[25,39,171],"simply":[26],"unable":[27],"cope":[29],"with":[30,35],"the":[31,89,109,121,149,158,169,184,219],"volume":[32],"speed":[34],"which":[36,126],"new":[37,48],"vulnerabilities":[38],"being":[40,116],"discovered.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45],"develop":[46,93],"approach":[49,135,199],"that":[50,62,96,99,201],"can":[51,178,203],"provide":[52],"effective":[53,129],"protection":[54],"against":[55,130,208],"vast":[57],"majority":[58],"of":[59,77,108,123,132,148,175,197,221,230],"these":[60],"attacks":[61,84,159,206,226],"exploit":[63],"memory":[64,81],"errors":[65],"in":[66,161,173],"C/C++":[67],"programs.":[68],"Our":[69,134],"approach,":[70],"called":[71],"COVERS,":[72],"uses":[73],"forensic":[75],"analysis":[76],"victim":[79],"server's":[80],"correlate":[83],"inputs":[86,98],"received":[87],"over":[88,183],"network,":[90],"automatically":[92],"signature":[95],"characterizes":[97],"carry":[100],"attacks.":[101,133],"The":[102],"signatures":[103,156,170],"tend":[104],"capture":[106],"characteristics":[107,122],"underlying":[110],"vulnerability":[111],"(e.g.,":[112],"message":[114],"field":[115],"too":[117],"long)":[118],"rather":[119],"than":[120],"an":[124],"attack,":[125],"makes":[127],"them":[128],"variants":[131],"introduces":[136],"low":[137],"overheads":[138],"(under":[139],"10%),":[140],"does":[141],"not":[142],"require":[143],"access":[144],"source":[146],"code":[147],"protected":[150],"server,":[151],"has":[153],"successfully":[154],"generated":[155,172],"for":[157],"studied":[160],"experiments,":[163],"without":[164],"producing":[165],"false":[166],"positives.":[167],"Since":[168],"tens":[174],"milliseconds,":[176],"they":[177],"potentially":[179],"be":[180],"distributed":[181],"quickly":[182],"Internet":[185],"filter":[187],"out":[188],"(and":[189],"thus":[190],"stop)":[191],"fast-spreading":[192],"worms.":[193],"Another":[194],"interesting":[195],"aspect":[196],"is":[200],"it":[202,217],"defeat":[204],"guessing":[205],"reported":[207],"address-space":[209],"randomization":[210,214],"instruction":[212],"set":[213],"techniques.":[215],"Finally,":[216],"increases":[218],"capacity":[220],"servers":[222],"withstand":[224],"repeated":[225],"factor":[229],"10":[231],"or":[232],"more.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}