{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989129498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102120.1102148","title":"A model and architecture for pseudo-random generation with applications to /dev/random","display_name":"A model and architecture for pseudo-random generation with applications to /dev/random","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989129498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102120.1102148","mag":"1989129498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1102120.1102148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102120.1102148","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102710346","display_name":"Boaz Barak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4053-8927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boaz Barak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073301367","display_name":"Shai Halevi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3432-7899"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shai Halevi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, T.J. Watson Research Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, T.J. Watson Research Center","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"203","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7626347541809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.5962008237838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5929085612297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5719695091247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-number-generator","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","score":0.5670756697654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5292009115219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5202135443687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.48328498005867004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4617166221141815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.34758490324020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31745997071266174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7626347541809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5962008237838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5929085612297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5719695091247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140642157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623338","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","level":2,"score":0.5670756697654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5292009115219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5202135443687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.48328498005867004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4617166221141815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.34758490324020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31745997071266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1102120.1102148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1102120.1102148","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488916099","https://openalex.org/W1511514754","https://openalex.org/W1545354279","https://openalex.org/W1564219727","https://openalex.org/W1576314536","https://openalex.org/W1578184507","https://openalex.org/W2015880590","https://openalex.org/W2027471022","https://openalex.org/W2027528470","https://openalex.org/W2115109072","https://openalex.org/W2129876196","https://openalex.org/W2164284862","https://openalex.org/W2911857293","https://openalex.org/W2990399857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104480405","https://openalex.org/W2772380824","https://openalex.org/W2062045810","https://openalex.org/W1534576401","https://openalex.org/W2988803943","https://openalex.org/W2068428530","https://openalex.org/W3124991594","https://openalex.org/W2775374936","https://openalex.org/W3111658143","https://openalex.org/W2161451071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,192],"present":[1,140],"a":[2,6,92,141,150,171],"formal":[3,142,151,177],"model":[4,31,143,155,173],"and":[5,32,148,201,207,246],"simple":[7],"architecture":[8,33,238],"for":[9,144,156,174,239],"robust":[10,145],"pseudorandom":[11,247],"generation":[12,190,248],"that":[13,57,64,115,138,194,220],"ensures":[14],"resilience":[15],"in":[16,137,199,244],"the":[17,26,35,50,69,76,85,88,100,111,116,157,167,180,183,188,195,215,221,234],"face":[18],"of":[19,25,49,75,99,110,122,159,182,236],"an":[20,44,81,106],"observer":[21,45,58,86,107],"with":[22,46,108,120],"partial":[23],"knowledge/control":[24],"generator's":[27,39],"entropy":[28,184],"source.":[29],"Our":[30],"have":[34],"following":[36],"properties:Resilience.":[37],"The":[38],"output":[40,74,98,189],"looks":[41,78,102],"random":[42,79],"to":[43,67,80,105],"no":[47],"knowledge":[48,109],"internal":[51,70,89],"state.":[52],"This":[53,131],"holds":[54],"even":[55,83,104],"if":[56,84],"has":[59],"complete":[60],"control":[61],"over":[62],"data":[63,121],"is":[65,118,166,197],"used":[66],"refresh":[68],"state.Forward":[71],"security.":[72],"Past":[73],"generator":[77,101,117],"observer,":[82],"learns":[87],"state":[90],"at":[91,170],"later":[93],"time.Backward":[94],"security/Break-in":[95],"recovery.":[96],"Future":[97],"random,":[103],"current":[112],"state,":[113],"provided":[114],"refreshed":[119],"sufficient":[123],"entropy.Architectures":[124],"such":[125,241],"as":[126,242],"above":[127],"were":[128],"suggested":[129],"before.":[130],"work":[132],"differs":[133],"from":[134,187],"previous":[135],"attempts":[136],"we":[139,218],"pseudo-random":[146],"generation,":[147],"provide":[149],"proof":[152],"within":[153],"this":[154,165,175],"security":[158],"our":[160,163,237],"architecture.":[161],"To":[162],"knowledge,":[164],"first":[168],"attempt":[169],"rigorous":[172],"problem.Our":[176],"modeling":[178],"advocates":[179],"separation":[181],"extraction":[185],"phase":[186],"phase.":[191],"argue":[193],"former":[196],"information-theoretic":[198],"nature,":[200],"could":[202],"therefore":[203],"rely":[204],"on":[205,212,249],"combinatorial":[206],"statistical":[208],"tools":[209],"rather":[210],"than":[211],"cryptography.":[213],"On":[214],"other":[216],"hand,":[217],"show":[219],"latter":[222],"can":[223],"be":[224],"implemented":[225],"using":[226],"any":[227],"standard":[228],"(non-robust)":[229],"cryptographic":[230],"PRG.We":[231],"also":[232],"discuss":[233],"applicability":[235],"applications":[240],"/dev/(u)random":[243],"Linux":[245],"smartcards.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
