{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003142256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1101389.1101405","title":"Paintbrush rendering of lines using HMMs","display_name":"Paintbrush rendering of lines using HMMs","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003142256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1101389.1101405","mag":"2003142256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1101389.1101405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1101389.1101405","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011733184","display_name":"Yuta Okabe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuta Okabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046001652","display_name":"Suguru Saito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-3269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suguru Saito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113816261","display_name":"Masayuki Nakajima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayuki Nakajima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011733184"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3796,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71271018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"91","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7945473790168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.757188081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brush","display_name":"Brush","score":0.7364305853843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7169381380081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6115854382514954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.5038639903068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.45833733677864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44065025448799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4312145709991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42572879791259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3808034658432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15427365899085999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7945473790168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.757188081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16108499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713927","display_name":"Brush","level":2,"score":0.7364305853843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7169381380081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6115854382514954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.5038639903068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.45833733677864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44065025448799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4312145709991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42572879791259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3808034658432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15427365899085999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1101389.1101405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1101389.1101405","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp:00217538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp/cgi-bin/publicationinfo.cgi?q_publication_content_number=CTT100406145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196385","display_name":"Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","host_organization_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp:00219630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp/cgi-bin/publicationinfo.cgi?q_publication_content_number=CTT100408707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196385","display_name":"Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","host_organization_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556170225","https://openalex.org/W1560013842","https://openalex.org/W1976171044","https://openalex.org/W1997604316","https://openalex.org/W2039225177","https://openalex.org/W2044286698","https://openalex.org/W2049708433","https://openalex.org/W2082146326","https://openalex.org/W2100145699","https://openalex.org/W2115532513","https://openalex.org/W2116032057","https://openalex.org/W2127881844","https://openalex.org/W2133827961","https://openalex.org/W2140865325","https://openalex.org/W2154955449","https://openalex.org/W2155745450","https://openalex.org/W2160333382","https://openalex.org/W2160642098","https://openalex.org/W2185227049","https://openalex.org/W2206217778","https://openalex.org/W2295302168","https://openalex.org/W2295672196","https://openalex.org/W2912841022","https://openalex.org/W3032975155","https://openalex.org/W3214380909","https://openalex.org/W4243820778","https://openalex.org/W4245027043","https://openalex.org/W4245668478","https://openalex.org/W4247105055","https://openalex.org/W6680104429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039782145","https://openalex.org/W2654655593","https://openalex.org/W2314627786","https://openalex.org/W2363718465","https://openalex.org/W2893689252","https://openalex.org/W2320948536","https://openalex.org/W2099787764","https://openalex.org/W2383800079","https://openalex.org/W3022711355","https://openalex.org/W411103548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,34,49,114,118],"new":[3],"method":[4,58,85],"that":[5,62],"emulates":[6],"the":[7,29,42,69,72,76,88,92,95],"expressive":[8],"appearance":[9],"of":[10,37,46,71,75,91],"paintbrush":[11],"strokes":[12,104],"on":[13,117],"paper.":[14,119],"In":[15],"our":[16,57,84],"system,":[17],"brush":[18,93,116],"footprint":[19],"characteristics":[20,90],"are":[21,106],"modeled":[22],"using":[23],"Hidden":[24],"Markov":[25],"Models":[26],"(HMMs).":[27],"Once":[28],"model":[30],"is":[31],"trained":[32],"by":[33],"data":[35],"set":[36],"given":[38,50],"strokes,":[39],"it":[40,98],"estimates":[41],"most":[43],"likely":[44],"sequence":[45],"footprints":[47,77],"for":[48],"input":[51,81,100],"line.":[52],"The":[53],"main":[54],"difference":[55],"between":[56],"and":[59,94],"other":[60],"ones":[61],"use":[63],"direct":[64],"texture":[65],"mapping":[66],"lies":[67],"in":[68],"estimation":[70],"dynamic":[73],"behavior":[74],"with":[78,113],"respect":[79],"to":[80,102,109],"lines.":[82],"Since":[83],"models":[86],"simultaneously":[87],"physical":[89],"drawing":[96],"styles,":[97],"transforms":[99],"lines":[101],"aesthetic":[103],"which":[105],"really":[107],"close":[108],"true":[110],"ones,":[111],"made":[112],"real":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
