{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136933506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1098918.1098921","title":"A high-accuracy, low-cost localization system for wireless sensor networks","display_name":"A high-accuracy, low-cost localization system for wireless sensor networks","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136933506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1098918.1098921","mag":"2136933506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1098918.1098921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1098918.1098921","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083949715","display_name":"Radu Stoleru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-4502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Radu Stoleru","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038811034","display_name":"Tian He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-2619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603760","display_name":"John A. Stankovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-9395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Stankovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039425451","display_name":"David Luebke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Luebke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083949715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.4027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":177,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99655217,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.866706907749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7011758089065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.6506170630455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.5936416983604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5684694051742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5233504176139832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Mobile wireless sensor network","score":0.42664024233818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3883044719696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.33098965883255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3232002556324005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1497713029384613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.866706907749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7011758089065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.6506170630455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.5936416983604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5684694051742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5233504176139832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7091991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149548","display_name":"Mobile wireless sensor network","level":5,"score":0.42664024233818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3883044719696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.33098965883255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3232002556324005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1497713029384613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1098918.1098921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1098918.1098921","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.130.7965","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.130.7965","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~control/docs/papers/sensys05-spotlight.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.67.1021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.67.1021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~luebke/publications/pdf/sensys2005.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.78.6097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.78.6097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.virginia.edu/papers/p13-stoleru.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38723175","https://openalex.org/W1501322824","https://openalex.org/W1534630452","https://openalex.org/W1581621714","https://openalex.org/W1601378499","https://openalex.org/W1989651117","https://openalex.org/W1994641974","https://openalex.org/W2001112302","https://openalex.org/W2016460936","https://openalex.org/W2085942561","https://openalex.org/W2087709447","https://openalex.org/W2094636498","https://openalex.org/W2100796177","https://openalex.org/W2103247260","https://openalex.org/W2104022413","https://openalex.org/W2106048721","https://openalex.org/W2112280154","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2116790923","https://openalex.org/W2118824875","https://openalex.org/W2119362555","https://openalex.org/W2121358742","https://openalex.org/W2124822240","https://openalex.org/W2129066847","https://openalex.org/W2131152141","https://openalex.org/W2131865378","https://openalex.org/W2137111949","https://openalex.org/W2154020241","https://openalex.org/W2154891193","https://openalex.org/W2161249924","https://openalex.org/W2163661874","https://openalex.org/W2165295831","https://openalex.org/W2166237942","https://openalex.org/W2168125208","https://openalex.org/W2169762985","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2172778767","https://openalex.org/W2543151975","https://openalex.org/W2611844118","https://openalex.org/W2645193500","https://openalex.org/W4252964922","https://openalex.org/W6629884088","https://openalex.org/W6682627182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W917005982","https://openalex.org/W2148549110","https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W4309995761","https://openalex.org/W2144844010","https://openalex.org/W2295628284","https://openalex.org/W1657620843","https://openalex.org/W3148968234","https://openalex.org/W2593729912","https://openalex.org/W2012250365"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"problem":[1],"of":[2,4,21,47,60,77,94,99,107,125,150,158],"localization":[3,37,70,88,117,161],"wireless":[5,171],"sensor":[6,61,82,120,172],"nodes":[7,173],"has":[8],"long":[9],"been":[10],"regarded":[11],"as":[12,84],"very":[13],"difficult":[14],"to":[15,56],"solve,":[16],"when":[17],"considering":[18],"the":[19,44,52,58,75,81,92,148,155,170],"realities":[20],"real":[22,109],"world":[23],"environments.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26,153],"paper,":[27],"we":[28,113],"formally":[29],"describe,":[30],"design,":[31],"implement":[32],"and":[33,101],"evaluate":[34,91],"a":[35,66,108,115,129,140,159],"novel":[36],"system,":[38],"called":[39],"Spotlight.":[40],"Our":[41],"system":[42,96,110],"uses":[43],"spatio-temporal":[45],"properties":[46],"well":[48],"controlled":[49],"events":[50],"in":[51,69,97,128,135,164],"network":[53],"(e.g.,":[54],"light),":[55],"obtain":[57,114],"locations":[59],"nodes.":[62],"We":[63,90],"demonstrate":[64],"that":[65,142],"high":[67],"accuracy":[68],"can":[71,132],"be":[72,133],"achieved":[73],"without":[74,168],"aid":[76],"expensive":[78],"hardware":[79],"on":[80],"nodes,":[83,126],"required":[85],"by":[86],"other":[87],"systems.":[89],"performance":[93,105],"our":[95,151],"deployments":[98],"Mica2":[100],"XSM":[102],"motes.":[103],"Through":[104],"evaluations":[106],"deployed":[111,127],"outdoors,":[112],"20cm":[116],"error.":[118],"A":[119],"network,":[121],"with":[122,174],"any":[123],"number":[124],"2500m2":[130],"area,":[131],"localized":[134],"under":[136],"10":[137],"minutes,":[138],"using":[139],"device":[141],"costs":[143],"less":[144],"than":[145],"$1000.":[146],"To":[147],"best":[149],"knowledge,":[152],"is":[154],"first":[156],"report":[157],"sub-meter":[160],"error,":[162],"obtained":[163],"an":[165],"outdoor":[166],"environment,":[167],"equipping":[169],"specialized":[175],"ranging":[176],"hardware.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}