{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4250874986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1095810.1095812","title":"Pioneer","display_name":"Pioneer","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4250874986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1095810.1095812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1095810.1095812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1095810.1095812","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the twentieth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109852232","display_name":"Arvind Seshadri","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Seshadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMU/CyLab"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMU/CyLab","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112021670","display_name":"Mark Luk","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Luk","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMU/CyLab"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMU/CyLab","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089202539","display_name":"Elaine Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5605-1048"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaine Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMU/CyLab"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMU/CyLab","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056518136","display_name":"Adrian Perrig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-5412"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Perrig","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMU/CyLab"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMU/CyLab","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078540145","display_name":"Leendert van Doorn","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leendert van Doorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103573531","display_name":"Pradeep K. Khosla","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pradeep Khosla","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMU/CyLab"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMU/CyLab","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109852232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.5512,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":224,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99396567,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8018937110900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pentium","display_name":"Pentium","score":0.786010205745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.6358427405357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rootkit","display_name":"Rootkit","score":0.6205717325210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5256282687187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x86","display_name":"x86","score":0.5015401840209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4645877182483673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4566769003868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.42201700806617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.41450995206832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36239808797836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.29949381947517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.17775288224220276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8018937110900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46268123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214314","display_name":"Pentium","level":2,"score":0.786010205745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.6358427405357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14645","display_name":"Rootkit","level":3,"score":0.6205717325210571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5256282687187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170723468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182933","display_name":"x86","level":3,"score":0.5015401840209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4645877182483673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4566769003868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.42201700806617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.41450995206832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36239808797836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.29949381947517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.17775288224220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1095810.1095812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1095810.1095812","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the twentieth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106162958","https://openalex.org/W124732759","https://openalex.org/W161166442","https://openalex.org/W1504669610","https://openalex.org/W1558452102","https://openalex.org/W1656731780","https://openalex.org/W1953268564","https://openalex.org/W2099613071","https://openalex.org/W2115175416","https://openalex.org/W2150871888","https://openalex.org/W2914403089","https://openalex.org/W4206796831","https://openalex.org/W4245671428","https://openalex.org/W6758699755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140747570","https://openalex.org/W2118259408","https://openalex.org/W2119347856","https://openalex.org/W2184274109","https://openalex.org/W578137729","https://openalex.org/W1767235216","https://openalex.org/W2219596131","https://openalex.org/W2483568499","https://openalex.org/W1528086994","https://openalex.org/W2025910373"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,32,55],"propose":[1],"a":[2,7,47,60],"primitive,":[3],"called":[4],"Pioneer,":[5],"as":[6,26,46],"first":[8],"step":[9],"towards":[10],"verifiable":[11],"code":[12],"execution":[13],"on":[14,35],"untrusted":[15],"legacy":[16],"hosts.":[17],"Pioneer":[18,34,42],"does":[19],"not":[20],"require":[21],"any":[22],"hardware":[23],"support":[24],"such":[25],"secure":[27],"co-processors":[28],"or":[29],"CPU-architecture":[30],"extensions.":[31],"implement":[33],"an":[36],"Intel":[37],"Pentium":[38],"IV":[39],"Xeon":[40],"processor.":[41],"can":[43],"be":[44],"used":[45],"basic":[48],"building":[49,59],"block":[50],"to":[51],"build":[52],"security":[53],"systems.":[54],"demonstrate":[56],"this":[57],"by":[58],"kernel":[61],"rootkit":[62],"detector.":[63]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}