{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049357384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083209","title":"A software flaw taxonomy","display_name":"A software flaw taxonomy","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049357384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083209","mag":"2049357384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1082983.1083209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110701470","display_name":"Sam Weber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sam Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","IBM Research, Division Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Division Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077672996","display_name":"Paul A. Karger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul A. Karger","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","IBM Research, Division Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Division Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064074691","display_name":"Amit Paradkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3707-8939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Paradkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","IBM Research, Division Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Division Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110701470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96191355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.7236645221710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.694364607334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.616601288318634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.5222961902618408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4987168312072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.48706987500190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-security","display_name":"Application security","score":0.44687891006469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-bug","display_name":"Security bug","score":0.4386252760887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-testing","display_name":"Security testing","score":0.41562438011169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37935325503349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.37109968066215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.2814800441265106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-information-and-event-management","display_name":"Security information and event management","score":0.2666667401790619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1395772397518158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.13185256719589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.1195155680179596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7236645221710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.694364607334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.616601288318634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.5222961902618408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4987168312072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.48706987500190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77109596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781497","display_name":"Application security","level":5,"score":0.44687891006469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131275738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445023","display_name":"Security bug","level":5,"score":0.4386252760887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195518309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13424265","display_name":"Security testing","level":5,"score":0.41562438011169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37935325503349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37109968066215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.2814800441265106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.2666667401790619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1395772397518158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.13185256719589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.1195155680179596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1082983.1083209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84620330","https://openalex.org/W120838261","https://openalex.org/W122154057","https://openalex.org/W191839766","https://openalex.org/W574310671","https://openalex.org/W1480385994","https://openalex.org/W1503609498","https://openalex.org/W1510018112","https://openalex.org/W1518605176","https://openalex.org/W1559645909","https://openalex.org/W1582703556","https://openalex.org/W1584514021","https://openalex.org/W1600965014","https://openalex.org/W1966143594","https://openalex.org/W1968465330","https://openalex.org/W1977921963","https://openalex.org/W1994476536","https://openalex.org/W2096029627","https://openalex.org/W2098375905","https://openalex.org/W2109540106","https://openalex.org/W2112857267","https://openalex.org/W2119736157","https://openalex.org/W2123586642","https://openalex.org/W2144729799","https://openalex.org/W2157185728","https://openalex.org/W2158390457","https://openalex.org/W2762571386","https://openalex.org/W2978757628","https://openalex.org/W4252578928","https://openalex.org/W4299782258","https://openalex.org/W4301329292","https://openalex.org/W6628879857","https://openalex.org/W6630212538","https://openalex.org/W6630678208","https://openalex.org/W6634982741"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240401768","https://openalex.org/W2018644264","https://openalex.org/W2155353733","https://openalex.org/W2795113090","https://openalex.org/W896362041","https://openalex.org/W2126513753","https://openalex.org/W3189065608","https://openalex.org/W4313307479","https://openalex.org/W4313400739","https://openalex.org/W101391871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"proposals":[1],"were":[2],"made":[3],"three":[4],"decades":[5],"ago":[6],"to":[7,12,19,46,60,102,113,148],"build":[8],"static":[9,28],"analysis":[10,29],"tools":[11],"either":[13],"assist":[14],"software":[15,66],"security":[16,21,67,87,104,116,129],"evaluations":[17],"or":[18],"find":[20],"flaws,":[22],"it":[23,54],"is":[24,142],"only":[25,75],"recently":[26],"that":[27,89,139],"and":[30,82,131,147],"model":[31],"checking":[32],"technology":[33,49],"has":[34,41],"reached":[35],"the":[36,70,74,135],"point":[37],"where":[38],"such":[39],"tooling":[40],"become":[42],"feasible.":[43],"In":[44],"order":[45,112],"target":[47],"their":[48],"on":[50],"a":[51,63,115],"rational":[52],"basis,":[53],"would":[55],"be":[56],"useful":[57],"for":[58,144],"tool-builders":[59],"have":[61,98],"available":[62,124],"taxonomy":[64,122,141],"of":[65,152],"flaws":[68,88],"organizing":[69],"problem":[71],"space.":[72],"Unfortunately,":[73],"existing":[76],"suitable":[77,143],"taxonomies":[78],"are":[79,90],"sadly":[80],"out-of-date,":[81],"do":[83],"not":[84],"adequately":[85],"represent":[86],"found":[91],"in":[92,111],"modern":[93],"software.In":[94],"our":[95],"work,":[96],"we":[97],"coalesced":[99],"previous":[100],"efforts":[101],"categorize":[103],"problems":[105],"as":[106,108],"well":[107],"incident":[109],"reports":[110],"create":[114],"flaw":[117],"taxonomy.":[118],"We":[119,137],"correlate":[120],"this":[121,140],"with":[123],"information":[125],"about":[126],"current":[127],"high-priority":[128],"threats,":[130],"make":[132],"observations":[133],"regarding":[134],"results.":[136],"suggest":[138],"tool":[145],"developers":[146],"outline":[149],"possible":[150],"areas":[151],"future":[153],"research.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}