{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104660782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083155","title":"Improving evolvability through refactoring","display_name":"Improving evolvability through refactoring","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104660782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083155","mag":"2104660782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1082983.1083155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032899132","display_name":"Jacek Ratzinger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacek Ratzinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","Vienna University of technology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032717530","display_name":"Michael Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2529-344X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","Vienna University of technology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009436227","display_name":"Harald C. Gall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3874-5628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Gall","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98272819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.9908076524734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.7494480609893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7293776273727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolvability","display_name":"Evolvability","score":0.6389153599739075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5228574275970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.49472615122795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"Software evolution","score":0.48951947689056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.48342669010162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4686756730079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.452159583568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.44694799184799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.35424739122390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.310896635055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.289683997631073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.21035829186439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1014752984046936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.9908076524734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.7494480609893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7293776273727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176147130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909622","display_name":"Evolvability","level":2,"score":0.6389153599739075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5228574275970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.49472615122795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.48951947689056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.48342669010162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4686756730079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.452159583568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.44694799184799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.35424739122390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.310896635055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.289683997631073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.21035829186439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1014752984046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1082983.1083155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1082983.1083155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186921487","display_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","issn_l":"0163-5948","issn":["0163-5948","1943-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.94.4371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.94.4371","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/Staff/ratzinger/publications/EvoRefact.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338388","display_name":"Eurostars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84838725","https://openalex.org/W1533432827","https://openalex.org/W1941013187","https://openalex.org/W2007705030","https://openalex.org/W2017258744","https://openalex.org/W2027483357","https://openalex.org/W2029847562","https://openalex.org/W2100849134","https://openalex.org/W2106013472","https://openalex.org/W2110385988","https://openalex.org/W2116693957","https://openalex.org/W2121898992","https://openalex.org/W2127459775","https://openalex.org/W2137855426","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2331071403","https://openalex.org/W2913217271","https://openalex.org/W6683106902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2316262258","https://openalex.org/W2043955315","https://openalex.org/W4221157278","https://openalex.org/W3011438165","https://openalex.org/W4226340964","https://openalex.org/W2901304563","https://openalex.org/W2104660782","https://openalex.org/W2950845034","https://openalex.org/W4385489206","https://openalex.org/W1564898706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Refactoring":[0],"is":[1,89,193],"one":[2],"means":[3],"of":[4,8,15,31,78,109,121,129,138,146,176,187],"improving":[5],"the":[6,13,55,76,93,101,107,122,127,130,136,161,165,174,185],"structure":[7],"existing":[9],"software.":[10,131],"Locations":[11],"for":[12,72,143,151,167],"application":[14],"refactoring":[16,117,192],"are":[17,28],"often":[18,59],"based":[19,153],"on":[20,46,118,154],"subjective":[21],"perceptions":[22],"such":[23,41,110],"as":[24,42],"\"bad":[25],"smells\",":[26],"which":[27],"vague":[29],"suspicions":[30],"design":[32],"shortcomings.":[33],"We":[34,74],"exploit":[35],"historical":[36],"data":[37,64],"extracted":[38],"from":[39],"repositories":[40],"CVS":[43],"and":[44,81,157,191,195],"focus":[45],"change":[47,53,84,102,155,188],"couplings:":[48],"if":[49],"some":[50],"software":[51],"parts":[52,120],"at":[54],"same":[56],"time":[57],"very":[58],"over":[60],"several":[61],"releases,":[62],"this":[63],"can":[65],"be":[66],"used":[67],"to":[68,70,97,115,125],"point":[69],"candidates":[71],"refactoring.":[73],"adopt":[75],"concept":[77],"bad":[79],"smells":[80,111],"provide":[82],"additional":[83],"smells.":[85],"Such":[86],"a":[87,139,144],"smell":[88],"hardly":[90],"visible":[91],"in":[92],"code,":[94],"but":[95],"easy":[96],"spot":[98],"when":[99],"viewing":[100],"history.":[103],"Our":[104,179],"approach":[105],"enables":[106],"detection":[108],"allowing":[112],"an":[113],"engineer":[114],"apply":[116],"these":[119],"source":[123],"code":[124],"improve":[126],"evolvability":[128],"For":[132],"that,":[133],"we":[134,171],"analyzed":[135,173],"history":[137],"large":[140],"industrial":[141],"system":[142,166],"period":[145],"15":[147,169],"months,":[148],"proposed":[149],"spots":[150],"refactorings":[152],"couplings,":[156],"performed":[158],"them":[159],"with":[160],"developers.":[162],"After":[163],"observing":[164],"another":[168],"months":[170],"finally":[172],"effectiveness":[175],"our":[177,182],"approach.":[178],"results":[180],"support":[181],"hypothesis":[183],"that":[184],"combination":[186],"dependency":[189],"analysis":[190],"applicable":[194],"effective.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
