{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082030187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1077399.1077402","title":"Distance perception in real and virtual environments","display_name":"Distance perception in real and virtual environments","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082030187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1077399.1077402","mag":"2082030187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1077399.1077402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1077399.1077402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32453091","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","issn_l":"1544-3558","issn":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064311585","display_name":"Jodie M. Plumert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2150-7922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jodie M. Plumert","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086786774","display_name":"Joseph K. Kearney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0443-8152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph K. Kearney","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109181513","display_name":"James F. Cremer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James F. Cremer","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020293713","display_name":"Kara M. Recker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kara Recker","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7888,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":197,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95534929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"216","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6310644745826721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.579462468624115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.5794529318809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.507996141910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4988398551940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stopwatch","display_name":"Stopwatch","score":0.49048301577568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-perception","display_name":"Depth perception","score":0.4761536121368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3988749086856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.39182722568511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.37805628776550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.23874792456626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14895099401474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13459673523902893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6310644745826721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.579462468624115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.5794529318809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.507996141910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4988398551940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206388871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843994","display_name":"Stopwatch","level":2,"score":0.49048301577568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52672216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749840","display_name":"Depth perception","level":3,"score":0.4761536121368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3988749086856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.39182722568511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.37805628776550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23874792456626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14895099401474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13459673523902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1077399.1077402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1077399.1077402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32453091","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","issn_l":"1544-3558","issn":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332746","display_name":"Injury Prevention Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512863241","https://openalex.org/W1539807061","https://openalex.org/W1650786933","https://openalex.org/W1973401283","https://openalex.org/W2002939783","https://openalex.org/W2014229657","https://openalex.org/W2015902699","https://openalex.org/W2018382281","https://openalex.org/W2022056345","https://openalex.org/W2029965686","https://openalex.org/W2043843642","https://openalex.org/W2049434834","https://openalex.org/W2051318931","https://openalex.org/W2051347688","https://openalex.org/W2071538753","https://openalex.org/W2076490110","https://openalex.org/W2088488491","https://openalex.org/W2088814007","https://openalex.org/W2093528373","https://openalex.org/W2096038645","https://openalex.org/W2100173109","https://openalex.org/W2133183969","https://openalex.org/W2139310228","https://openalex.org/W2146616361","https://openalex.org/W2151221181","https://openalex.org/W2154463375","https://openalex.org/W2157579993","https://openalex.org/W2158541243","https://openalex.org/W2161569443","https://openalex.org/W4247983555","https://openalex.org/W4251985022","https://openalex.org/W4255669647","https://openalex.org/W4294555118"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984043639","https://openalex.org/W3034700954","https://openalex.org/W2971807846","https://openalex.org/W2982298186","https://openalex.org/W4386954552","https://openalex.org/W4377142438","https://openalex.org/W2366746245","https://openalex.org/W2082552959","https://openalex.org/W2330768411","https://openalex.org/W244017980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,65,80,218],"conducted":[1],"three":[2],"experiments":[3],"to":[4,23,25,86,95,129,144,153,214],"compare":[5],"distance":[6,221],"perception":[7,222],"in":[8,27,59,69,88,131,146,164,195,199,226,234],"real":[9,28,52,114,132,166,201],"and":[10,29,34,47,98,122,125,133,138,156,167,172],"virtual":[11,30,71,134,168,197,227],"environments.":[12],"In":[13,118],"Experiment":[14,119],"1,":[15],"adults":[16,126],"estimated":[17,127],"how":[18],"long":[19],"it":[20],"would":[21],"take":[22],"walk":[24,87,130,145],"targets":[26],"environments":[31,90,135,148,185,228],"by":[32],"starting":[33],"stopping":[35],"a":[36,41,55,62,74],"stopwatch":[37],"while":[38],"looking":[39],"at":[40],"target":[42],"person":[43],"standing":[44],"between":[45],"20":[46],"120":[48],"ft":[49,97,155],"away.":[50],"The":[51],"environment":[53,72,115,169],"was":[54],"large":[56],"grassy":[57],"lawn":[58],"front":[60],"of":[61,93,151],"university":[63],"building.":[64],"replicated":[66],"this":[67],"scene":[68],"our":[70],"using":[73],"nonstereoscopic,":[75],"large-screen":[76,230],"immersive":[77,231],"display":[78],"system.":[79],"found":[81],"that":[82,207,220],"people":[83,112],"underestimated":[84,142],"time":[85,128,143],"both":[89,136,147,170,187],"for":[91,149],"distances":[92,150],"40":[94],"60":[96,152],"beyond.":[99,157],"However,":[100],"time-to-walk":[101,176,209],"estimates":[102,116,160,177,210],"were":[103,161,178,211],"virtually":[104,162,212],"identical":[105,163,213],"across":[106,182],"the":[107,165,183,196,200],"two":[108,184],"environments,":[109],"particularly":[110],"when":[111],"made":[113],"first.":[117],"2,":[120],"10-":[121],"12-year-old":[123],"children":[124],"with":[137,171],"without":[139,173,216],"vision.":[140,174,217],"Adults":[141],"80":[154],"Again,":[158],"their":[159],"Twelve-year-olds'":[175],"also":[179],"very":[180],"similar":[181],"under":[186],"viewing":[188],"conditions,":[189],"but":[190],"10-year-olds":[191],"exhibited":[192],"greater":[193],"underestimation":[194],"than":[198,233],"environment.":[202],"A":[203],"third":[204],"experiment":[205],"showed":[206],"adults'":[208],"walking":[215],"conclude":[219],"may":[223],"be":[224],"better":[225],"involving":[229,236],"displays":[232,238],"those":[235],"head-mounted":[237],"(HMDS).":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
