{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037274781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1073204.1073327","title":"Soft shadow volumes for ray tracing","display_name":"Soft shadow volumes for ray tracing","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037274781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1073204.1073327","mag":"2037274781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1073204.1073327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1073204.1073327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://inria.hal.science/inria-00510157/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029831111","display_name":"Samuli Laine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-3197"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuli Laine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helsinki University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helsinki University of Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080133323","display_name":"Timo Aila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-4438"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Aila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helsinki University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helsinki University of Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038577470","display_name":"Ulf Assarsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5427-7406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulf Assarsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology","Chalmers University of Technology;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103009697","display_name":"Jaakko Lehtinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-4944"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaakko Lehtinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helsinki University of Technology,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helsinki University of Technology,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072108380","display_name":"Tomas Akenine\u2010M\u00f6ller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6226-3170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Akenine-M\u00f6ller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University","Lund Univ.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund Univ.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9324,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94532947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"1156","last_page":"1165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.8259943127632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.787349283695221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silhouette","display_name":"Silhouette","score":0.6837493181228638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.67484450340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6632441282272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ray-tracing","display_name":"Distributed ray tracing","score":0.6231889724731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6217654347419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.5864018797874451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5701878070831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5510691404342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-tracing","display_name":"Beam tracing","score":0.4856618642807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.4714547097682953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.46422454714775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2580735683441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1945594847202301}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.8259943127632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.787349283695221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58103923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286025","display_name":"Silhouette","level":2,"score":0.6837493181228638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.67484450340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6632441282272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82744980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951513","display_name":"Distributed ray tracing","level":3,"score":0.6231889724731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6217654347419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5864018797874451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5701878070831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5510691404342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124692087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876194","display_name":"Beam tracing","level":4,"score":0.4856618642807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.4714547097682953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.46422454714775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2580735683441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1945594847202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1073204.1073327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1073204.1073327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:inria-00510157v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/inria-00510157","pdf_url":"https://inria.hal.science/inria-00510157/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2005, 24 (3)","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:08c7713f-7d52-4b7c-8b0e-ec657bacbebe","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/229447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0730-0301","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.lib.chalmers.se:12222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/12222-soft-shadow-volumes-for-ray-tracing","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196470","display_name":"Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text.Article.Journal.PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:12222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/12222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:inria-00510157v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/inria-00510157","pdf_url":"https://inria.hal.science/inria-00510157/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2005, 24 (3)","raw_type":"Journal articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2037274781.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2037274781.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592568352","https://openalex.org/W1644976598","https://openalex.org/W1965668201","https://openalex.org/W1969606316","https://openalex.org/W1970416827","https://openalex.org/W1970864126","https://openalex.org/W1971302624","https://openalex.org/W1981980567","https://openalex.org/W1983924081","https://openalex.org/W2010209432","https://openalex.org/W2012376289","https://openalex.org/W2022951191","https://openalex.org/W2028585629","https://openalex.org/W2033102965","https://openalex.org/W2035761557","https://openalex.org/W2040050580","https://openalex.org/W2040850259","https://openalex.org/W2049279513","https://openalex.org/W2059734713","https://openalex.org/W2060830712","https://openalex.org/W2083364416","https://openalex.org/W2093977209","https://openalex.org/W2097863596","https://openalex.org/W2104227581","https://openalex.org/W2112906311","https://openalex.org/W2115395165","https://openalex.org/W2117296807","https://openalex.org/W2131750471","https://openalex.org/W2133838187","https://openalex.org/W2148309695","https://openalex.org/W2150921180","https://openalex.org/W2156067784","https://openalex.org/W2164369380","https://openalex.org/W2173672816","https://openalex.org/W2261006891","https://openalex.org/W2611267947","https://openalex.org/W2883668023","https://openalex.org/W2914806178","https://openalex.org/W2998555201","https://openalex.org/W3147431116","https://openalex.org/W4206149401","https://openalex.org/W4243855161","https://openalex.org/W4246024159","https://openalex.org/W6629127357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W655645366","https://openalex.org/W1980536927","https://openalex.org/W2118103965","https://openalex.org/W1513303533","https://openalex.org/W4308974340","https://openalex.org/W2405374556","https://openalex.org/W2011674708","https://openalex.org/W2129112679","https://openalex.org/W151283179","https://openalex.org/W2001335636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,30,35,73,107],"new,":[3],"fast":[4],"algorithm":[5,49],"for":[6,76,113],"rendering":[7],"physically-based":[8],"soft":[9],"shadows":[10],"in":[11,25,64],"ray":[12,27,33],"tracing-based":[13],"renderers.":[14],"Our":[15,69],"method":[16,75],"replaces":[17],"the":[18,39,45,52,65,79,91,115,119,122],"hundreds":[19],"of":[20,38,61,103],"shadow":[21,32,46,109],"rays":[22],"commonly":[23],"used":[24],"stochastic":[26],"tracers":[28],"with":[29,106],"single":[31,108],"and":[34,121],"local":[36],"reconstruction":[37],"visibility":[40,116],"function.":[41],"Compared":[42],"to":[43,58,93],"tracing":[44],"rays.":[47],"our":[48],"produces":[50],"exactly":[51],"same":[53],"image":[54],"while":[55],"executing":[56],"one":[57],"two":[59],"orders":[60],"magnitude":[62],"faster":[63],"test":[66],"scenes":[67],"used.":[68],"first":[70],"contribution":[71],"is":[72],"two-stage":[74],"quickly":[77],"determining":[78],"silhouette":[80],"edges":[81],"that":[82,99],"overlap":[83],"an":[84],"area":[85],"light":[86,123],"source,":[87],"as":[88],"seen":[89],"from":[90],"point":[92,120],"be":[94],"shaded.":[95],"Secondly,":[96],"we":[97],"show":[98],"these":[100],"partial":[101],"silhouettes":[102],"occluders,":[104],"along":[105],"ray,":[110],"are":[111],"sufficient":[112],"reconstructing":[114],"function":[117],"between":[118],"source.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}