{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102451297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068352","title":"Use of a genetic algorithm in brill's transformation-based part-of-speech tagger","display_name":"Use of a genetic algorithm in brill's transformation-based part-of-speech tagger","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102451297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068352","mag":"2102451297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1068009.1068352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068352","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004344968","display_name":"Garnett Wilson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Garnett Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003699164","display_name":"Malcolm I. Heywood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1521-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm Heywood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004344968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87748804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2067","last_page":"2073"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brill","display_name":"Brill","score":0.8558889627456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7509717345237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.6176878213882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5755364894866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.5700424313545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-of-speech-tagging","display_name":"Part-of-speech tagging","score":0.5660407543182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5581764578819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.49726155400276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.43688198924064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4278152585029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3913809657096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-of-speech","display_name":"Part of speech","score":0.3465438783168793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.33825215697288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.17168712615966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1627417504787445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780273408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122881","display_name":"Brill","level":2,"score":0.8558889627456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7509717345237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6176878213882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5755364894866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.5700424313545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780684714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271424","display_name":"Part-of-speech tagging","level":3,"score":0.5660407543182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5581764578819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.49726155400276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43688198924064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4278152585029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3913809657096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123406163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82042","display_name":"Part of speech","level":2,"score":0.3465438783168793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33825215697288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.17168712615966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1627417504787445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1068009.1068352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068352","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.153.240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.153.240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~wbl/biblio/gecco2005/docs/p2067.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529526786","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1578371835","https://openalex.org/W1580959953","https://openalex.org/W1718065290","https://openalex.org/W1810068793","https://openalex.org/W2045812729","https://openalex.org/W2102246596","https://openalex.org/W2108612872","https://openalex.org/W2117400858","https://openalex.org/W4205167092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965453504","https://openalex.org/W2396342956","https://openalex.org/W2169508526","https://openalex.org/W2486838646","https://openalex.org/W2626026432","https://openalex.org/W2251183413","https://openalex.org/W2949108231","https://openalex.org/W3128305375","https://openalex.org/W2006539681","https://openalex.org/W2046224275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"tagging":[1,92,142],"problem":[2,34,108],"in":[3,16],"natural":[4],"language":[5],"processing":[6],"is":[7,38],"to":[8,12,80,104,116,132,140],"find":[9],"a":[10,17,20,47,54,62,69,77,98,123],"way":[11,30,135],"label":[13],"every":[14],"word":[15],"text":[18],"as":[19],"particular":[21],"part":[22],"of":[23,31,49,71,122],"speech,":[24],"e.g.,":[25],"proper":[26],"noun.":[27],"An":[28],"effective":[29],"solving":[32],"this":[33],"with":[35],"high":[36],"accuracy":[37],"the":[39,82,94,105,110,120,129,134,141],"transformation-based":[40],"or":[41],"\"Brill\"":[42],"tagger.":[43],"In":[44],"Brill's":[45,72],"system,":[46],"number":[48],"transformation":[50],"templates":[51],"are":[52,57],"specified":[53],"priori":[55,124],"that":[56,74],"instantiated":[58,83],"and":[59,85],"ranked":[60],"during":[61],"greedy":[63],"search-based":[64],"algorithm.":[65],"This":[66],"paper":[67],"describes":[68],"variant":[70],"implementation":[73],"instead":[75],"uses":[76],"genetic":[78],"algorithm":[79],"generate":[81],"rules":[84],"provide":[86],"an":[87,137],"adaptive":[88],"ranking.":[89],"Based":[90],"on":[91],"accuracy,":[93],"new":[95],"system":[96],"provides":[97],"better":[99],"hybrid":[100],"evolutionary":[101],"computation":[102],"solution":[103,139],"part-of-speech":[106],"(POS)":[107],"than":[109],"previous":[111],"attempt.":[112],"Although":[113],"not":[114],"able":[115],"make":[117],"up":[118],"for":[119,136],"use":[121],"knowledge":[125],"utilized":[126],"by":[127],"Brill,":[128],"method":[130],"appears":[131],"point":[133],"improved":[138],"problem.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}