{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142398281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068107","title":"Maximally rugged NK landscapes contain the highest peaks","display_name":"Maximally rugged NK landscapes contain the highest peaks","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142398281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068107","mag":"2142398281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1068009.1068107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068107","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076595726","display_name":"Benjamin Skellett","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Skellett","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086869183","display_name":"Benjamin J. Cairns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7994-8213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Cairns","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061048717","display_name":"Nicholas Geard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-2281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Geard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083693720","display_name":"Bradley Tonkes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley Tonkes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","University of New South wales, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013458161","display_name":"Janet Wiles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4051-4116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet Wiles","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.4087,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98249801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"579","last_page":"584"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-optimum","display_name":"Local optimum","score":0.8915184736251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-landscape","display_name":"Fitness landscape","score":0.8427659273147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistasis","display_name":"Epistasis","score":0.7405225038528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.5657212138175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5437009334564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5117661952972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infinity","display_name":"Infinity","score":0.5086272954940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5004820823669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4447333812713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.4433327913284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4327217936515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.4215971827507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37570762634277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.24776023626327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2472098171710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23984801769256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15159937739372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1094328761100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08993861079216003}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141934464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305386","display_name":"Local optimum","level":2,"score":0.8915184736251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91852762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3307742","display_name":"Fitness landscape","level":3,"score":0.8427659273147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61727976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751748","display_name":"Epistasis","level":3,"score":0.7405225038528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.5657212138175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5437009334564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5117661952972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7321624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205","display_name":"Infinity","level":2,"score":0.5086272954940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5004820823669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4447333812713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4433327913284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4327217936515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4215971827507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37570762634277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24776023626327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2472098171710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23984801769256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15159937739372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1094328761100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08993861079216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1068009.1068107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068107","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.420.6660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.420.6660","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~wbl/biblio/gecco2005/docs/p579.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:103160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:c508defe-f028-488c-aa63-6c0527776635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c508defe-f028-488c-aa63-6c0527776635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements at Oxford","raw_type":"Conference"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/3fd3f2e9-cde8-4b34-a48e-e966967198fd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/3fd3f2e9-cde8-4b34-a48e-e966967198fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Skellett, B, Cairns, BJ, Geard, N, Tonkes, B & Wiles, J 2005, Maximally rugged NK landscapes contain the highest peaks. in H Breyer (ed.), GECCO 2005, Washington D.C., USA. vol. 1, Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 579 - 584. https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068107","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/3fd3f2e9-cde8-4b34-a48e-e966967198fd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/3fd3f2e9-cde8-4b34-a48e-e966967198fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Skellett, B, Cairns, BJ, Geard, N, Tonkes, B & Wiles, J 2005, Maximally rugged NK landscapes contain the highest peaks. in H Breyer (ed.), GECCO 2005, Washington D.C., USA. vol. 1, Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 579 - 584. https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068107","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94967961","https://openalex.org/W1516834747","https://openalex.org/W1537526371","https://openalex.org/W1538029071","https://openalex.org/W1573534773","https://openalex.org/W1590205051","https://openalex.org/W1969857637","https://openalex.org/W1970158106","https://openalex.org/W2004146996","https://openalex.org/W2013002076","https://openalex.org/W2038774686","https://openalex.org/W2039906176","https://openalex.org/W2064164319","https://openalex.org/W2108020239","https://openalex.org/W2161626774","https://openalex.org/W2527362894","https://openalex.org/W4205148124","https://openalex.org/W4296156497","https://openalex.org/W4388252848","https://openalex.org/W6635336559","https://openalex.org/W7023768489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225153397","https://openalex.org/W4295749382","https://openalex.org/W2952742538","https://openalex.org/W4301429967","https://openalex.org/W4304195508","https://openalex.org/W4302338605","https://openalex.org/W2337872996","https://openalex.org/W2950940317","https://openalex.org/W1968336705","https://openalex.org/W2953017728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"NK":[0,191],"models":[1],"provide":[2],"a":[3,12],"family":[4],"of":[5,15,27,34,50,56,71,99,119,127,162,171,174,187],"tunably":[6],"rugged":[7,80,114,141],"fitness":[8,98],"landscapes":[9],"used":[10],"in":[11,77,111,157,180,189],"wide":[13],"range":[14],"evolutionary":[16,57,144],"computation":[17],"studies.":[18],"It":[19],"is":[20,75],"well":[21],"known":[22],"that":[23,61,85,95,148,155],"the":[24,32,35,62,68,72,78,93,96,100,106,112,124,128,137,146,152,158,160,169,177,181,185],"average":[25,97],"height":[26],"local":[28,101,153],"optima":[29,102,147,154,164],"regresses":[30],"to":[31,168,203],"mean":[33],"landscape":[36,51,192],"with":[37,90],"increasing":[38],"epistasis,":[39],"k.":[40],"This":[41],"fact":[42,94],"has":[43],"been":[44],"confirmed":[45],"using":[46],"both":[47,136],"theoretical":[48],"studies":[49,55],"structure":[52],"and":[53,139,176],"empirical":[54],"search.":[58],"We":[59,122],"show":[60],"global":[63,73,129],"optimum":[64,130],"behaves":[65],"quite":[66],"differently:":[67],"expected":[69,87],"value":[70,88,126],"maximum":[74],"highest":[76,107],"maximally":[79,140],"case.":[81],"Furthermore,":[82],"we":[83],"demonstrate":[84],"this":[86],"increases":[89],"K,":[91],"despite":[92],"decreases.":[103],"That":[104],"is,":[105],"peaks":[108],"are":[109,149],"found":[110,150],"most":[113],"landscapes,":[115],"scattered":[116],"amongst":[117],"masses":[118],"low-lying":[120],"peaks.":[121],"find":[123],"asymptotic":[125],"as":[131],"N":[132],"approaches":[133],"infinity":[134],"for":[135],"smooth":[138],"cases.":[142],"In":[143],"search,":[145],"reflect":[151],"exist":[156],"landscape,":[159],"size":[161,170],"these":[163],"--":[165],"which":[166],"corresponds":[167],"their":[172],"basins":[173],"attraction,":[175],"effort":[178],"expended":[179],"search":[182],"process.":[183],"Increasing":[184],"level":[186],"epistasis":[188],"an":[190],"stochastically":[193],"introduces":[194],"higher":[195],"peaks,":[196],"but":[197],"renders":[198],"them":[199],"exponentially":[200],"more":[201],"difficult":[202],"find.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
