{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117017114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068060","title":"On the contribution of gene libraries to artificial immune systems","display_name":"On the contribution of gene libraries to artificial immune systems","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117017114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068060","mag":"2117017114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1068009.1068060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068060","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000823439","display_name":"Peter Spellward","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Spellward","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","[university of bristol, Bristol, UK]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[university of bristol, Bristol, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035445712","display_name":"Tim Kovacs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-5834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Kovacs","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","[university of bristol, Bristol, UK]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[university of bristol, Bristol, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000823439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49239321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"313","last_page":"319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9478999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9478999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10878","display_name":"CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","score":0.9405999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy","display_name":"Analogy","score":0.6563643217086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.547631561756134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-immune-system","display_name":"Artificial immune system","score":0.5392035841941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-recognition","display_name":"Immune recognition","score":0.4450567662715912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.44042813777923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.4256495237350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4178137481212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.4121227562427521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.33510029315948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.31981825828552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2946375608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11406916379928589}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.6563643217086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.547631561756134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93768804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518735","display_name":"Artificial immune system","level":2,"score":0.5392035841941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018252375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune recognition","level":3,"score":0.4450567662715912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44042813777923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4256495237350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4178137481212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4121227562427521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.33510029315948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.31981825828552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2946375608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11406916379928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1068009.1068060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068060","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.147.7044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.147.7044","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~wbl/biblio/gecco2005/docs/p313.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/50c2b0f5-96dc-4cd5-8233-bcd71815ac0a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/50c2b0f5-96dc-4cd5-8233-bcd71815ac0a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Spellward, P & Kovacs, T 2005, On the contribution of gene libraries to artificial immune systems. in Unknown. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 313 - 319. < http://www.cs.bris.ac.uk/Publications/pub_info.jsp?id=2000409 >","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"mag:2117017114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/en/publications/on-the-contribution-of-gene-libraries-to-artificial-immune-systems(50c2b0f5-96dc-4cd5-8233-bcd71815ac0a).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462769","display_name":"ACM eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"ACM eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526815690","https://openalex.org/W1598076857","https://openalex.org/W2058657545","https://openalex.org/W2130272456","https://openalex.org/W2137428079","https://openalex.org/W7029077603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580475390","https://openalex.org/W3086590651","https://openalex.org/W2160010876","https://openalex.org/W20412664","https://openalex.org/W2227985863","https://openalex.org/W3167884595","https://openalex.org/W3108603977","https://openalex.org/W1750155680","https://openalex.org/W3192677120","https://openalex.org/W198225355","https://openalex.org/W2100857059","https://openalex.org/W216238544","https://openalex.org/W1555339511","https://openalex.org/W573242962","https://openalex.org/W2414627309","https://openalex.org/W2522828946","https://openalex.org/W2585162036","https://openalex.org/W1500488015","https://openalex.org/W3128089877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gene":[0],"libraries":[1,34,74,99,113,116,130],"have":[2],"been":[3,25],"added":[4],"to":[5,11,16,35,103,123,133,144],"Artificial":[6,36],"Immune":[7,37],"Systems":[8,38],"in":[9,77,88,137],"analogy":[10],"biological":[12],"immune":[13],"systems,":[14],"but":[15],"date":[17],"no":[18],"careful":[19],"study":[20],"of":[21,32,80,86,97,112,117,135,148],"their":[22],"effect":[23],"has":[24],"made.":[26],"This":[27],"work":[28],"investigates":[29],"the":[30,84,89,146],"contribution":[31],"gene":[33,48,62,73,90,98,129],"by":[39],"reproducing":[40],"and":[41,60,64,82,107],"extending":[42],"an":[43],"earlier":[44],"system":[45],"that":[46,72,83,128],"used":[47,100],"libraries.":[49],"Performance":[50],"on":[51],"a":[52,78,142],"job-shop":[53],"scheduling":[54],"problem":[55],"is":[56,101,141],"evaluated":[57],"empirically":[58],"with":[59,65],"without":[61],"libraries,":[63],"many":[66],"different":[67],"library":[68,91],"configurations.":[69],"We":[70,126],"propose":[71],"encourage":[75],"diversity":[76,147],"population":[79],"solutions":[81],"number":[85,96],"components":[87],"parameterises":[92],"this":[93],"effect.":[94],"The":[95],"found":[102],"affect":[104],"solution":[105],"fitness":[106,122],"indeed":[108],"using":[109],"larger":[110],"numbers":[111],"(and":[114],"therefore":[115],"smaller":[118],"components)":[119],"enables":[120],"higher":[121],"be":[124,134],"attained.":[125],"conclude":[127],"are":[131],"likely":[132],"use":[136],"applications":[138],"where":[139],"there":[140],"need":[143],"maintain":[145],"solutions.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
