{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986498770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068022","title":"Evolutionary computation and the c-value paradox","display_name":"Evolutionary computation and the c-value paradox","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986498770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068022","mag":"1986498770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1068009.1068022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060013477","display_name":"Sean Luke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5362-3039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sean Luke","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060013477"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5592098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67172314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"91","last_page":"97"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.5800321698188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5373654961585999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copying","display_name":"Copying","score":0.5312423706054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5137094259262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-code","display_name":"Genetic code","score":0.5060672163963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.49265724420547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.45494723320007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organism","display_name":"Organism","score":0.4528825581073761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome","display_name":"Genome","score":0.44581133127212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.4399903118610382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna","display_name":"DNA","score":0.41956573724746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.4189664125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4123214781284332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.4046335816383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.40340113639831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3559797406196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.25944453477859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2247241735458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2156219184398651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2059638500213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11555051803588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.10940787196159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09575137495994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08583372831344604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5800321698188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5373654961585999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779151265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156791","display_name":"Copying","level":2,"score":0.5312423706054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5137094259262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10853874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180618","display_name":"Genetic code","level":3,"score":0.5060672163963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.49265724420547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.45494723320007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137858568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239","display_name":"Organism","level":2,"score":0.4528825581073761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.44581133127212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.4399903118610382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.41956573724746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4189664125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4123214781284332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4046335816383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.40340113639831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3559797406196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.25944453477859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2247241735458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2156219184398651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2059638500213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11555051803588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.10940787196159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09575137495994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08583372831344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1068009.1068022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147708904","https://openalex.org/W183764970","https://openalex.org/W1500215390","https://openalex.org/W1542723682","https://openalex.org/W1796777149","https://openalex.org/W1979592281","https://openalex.org/W2001078131","https://openalex.org/W2005877477","https://openalex.org/W2018789136","https://openalex.org/W2048540261","https://openalex.org/W2085154635","https://openalex.org/W2091641603","https://openalex.org/W2100604298","https://openalex.org/W2109841945","https://openalex.org/W2120690173","https://openalex.org/W2131607361","https://openalex.org/W2134681478","https://openalex.org/W2135123683","https://openalex.org/W2148591934","https://openalex.org/W2154608029","https://openalex.org/W2624262714","https://openalex.org/W3004042307","https://openalex.org/W4229487902","https://openalex.org/W4238753141","https://openalex.org/W6606023591","https://openalex.org/W6630001514","https://openalex.org/W6725038865"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308771405","https://openalex.org/W2355873265","https://openalex.org/W2963669501","https://openalex.org/W3112369086","https://openalex.org/W3080197661","https://openalex.org/W4318471783","https://openalex.org/W2760667490","https://openalex.org/W2991781269","https://openalex.org/W775724729","https://openalex.org/W2137489486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,106,134],"C-value":[1,74],"Paradox":[2,75],"is":[3,46,85,88,122],"the":[4,10,25,42,73],"name":[5],"given":[6],"in":[7,13,21,50,92,140,143],"biology":[8,141],"to":[9,40,125],"wide":[11],"variance":[12],"and":[14,24,31,142,146],"often":[15],"very":[16],"large":[17],"amount":[18],"of":[19,62,79,94,120,154],"DNA":[20,29,99,121],"eukaryotic":[22],"genomes":[23],"poor":[26],"correlation":[27],"between":[28],"length":[30],"perceived":[32],"organism":[33],"complexity.":[34],"Several":[35],"hypotheses":[36,63,139],"exist":[37],"which":[38,58,97,103,114],"purport":[39],"explain":[41],"Paradox.":[43],"Surprisingly":[44],"there":[45,87],"a":[47,59,69,89,148,152],"related":[48],"phenomenon":[49],"evolutionary":[51,144],"computation,":[52,145],"known":[53],"as":[54,151],"code":[55,80],"bloat,":[56],"for":[57,72],"different":[60],"set":[61],"has":[64],"arisen.":[65],"This":[66],"paper":[67,107,135],"describes":[68],"new":[70,83],"hypothesis":[71],"derived":[76],"from":[77],"models":[78],"bloat.":[81],"explanation":[84],"that":[86],"selective":[90],"bias":[91],"preference":[93],"genetic":[95],"events":[96],"increase":[98],"material":[100,128],"over":[101],"those":[102],"decrease":[104],"it.":[105],"suggests":[108],"one":[109],"possible":[110],"concrete":[111],"mechanism":[112],"by":[113],"this":[115],"may":[116],"occur:":[117],"deleting":[118],"strands":[119],"more":[123],"likely":[124],"damage":[126],"genomic":[127],"than":[129],"migrating":[130],"or":[131],"copying":[132],"strands.":[133],"also":[136],"discusses":[137],"other":[138],"provides":[147],"simulation":[149],"example":[150],"proof":[153],"concept.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}