{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099824336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1066677.1066945","title":"A pivot-based index structure for combination of feature vectors","display_name":"A pivot-based index structure for combination of feature vectors","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099824336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1066677.1066945","mag":"2099824336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1066677.1066945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1066677.1066945","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/c22cbc77-e856-42be-bbf1-60209ee23e7d/content","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009309241","display_name":"Benjam\u00edn Bustos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3955-361X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Bustos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Universit\u00e4tstr, Konstanz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Universit\u00e4tstr, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073919282","display_name":"Daniel A. Keim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-9740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Keim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Universit\u00e4tstr, Konstanz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Universit\u00e4tstr, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016219620","display_name":"Tobias Schreck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-8665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Schreck","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Universit\u00e4tstr, Konstanz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Universit\u00e4tstr, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009309241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5941,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90016652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1180","last_page":"1184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.8384966254234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7669856548309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.6338813304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6119070649147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5911897420883179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-index","display_name":"Database index","score":0.5637689828872681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nearest-neighbor-search","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","score":0.5611243844032288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.5585920214653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5364945530891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.5000767707824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4578404128551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4184982478618622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36908745765686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2836751937866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2606654167175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22857394814491272}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.8384966254234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7669856548309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6338813304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6119070649147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5911897420883179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59276292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580427","display_name":"Database index","level":3,"score":0.5637689828872681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116738811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608751","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","level":2,"score":0.5611243844032288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.5585920214653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5364945530891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.5000767707824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4578404128551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4184982478618622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36908745765686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2836751937866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2606654167175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22857394814491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1066677.1066945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1066677.1066945","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/5583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-69476","pdf_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/c22cbc77-e856-42be-bbf1-60209ee23e7d/content","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing  - SAC '05. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005, pp. 1180-1184. ISBN 1-58113-964-0. Available under: doi: 10.1145/1066677.1066945","raw_type":"doc-type:Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.119.7148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.119.7148","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://infovis.uni-konstanz.de/papers/2005/p1180-bustos.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.72.9373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.72.9373","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://infovis.uni-konstanz.de/research/projects/SimSearch3D/publications/sac2005.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/5583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-69476","pdf_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/c22cbc77-e856-42be-bbf1-60209ee23e7d/content","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing  - SAC '05. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005, pp. 1180-1184. ISBN 1-58113-964-0. Available under: doi: 10.1145/1066677.1066945","raw_type":"doc-type:Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3633743130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SPP 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6052429835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(DFG)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6743243744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G762232396","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323458","display_name":"Universidad de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/047gc3g35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099824336.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099824336.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604051367","https://openalex.org/W2026591675","https://openalex.org/W2038044292","https://openalex.org/W2078321579","https://openalex.org/W2124222502","https://openalex.org/W2145087912","https://openalex.org/W2151135734","https://openalex.org/W2163206802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148008870","https://openalex.org/W2381195555","https://openalex.org/W4246757943","https://openalex.org/W2368606575","https://openalex.org/W2132753198","https://openalex.org/W2369874856","https://openalex.org/W2182477562","https://openalex.org/W2792185758","https://openalex.org/W2787484455","https://openalex.org/W2119808169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,67,83],"present":[1,68,88],"a":[2,69,76,113],"novel":[3],"indexing":[4,58],"schema":[5],"that":[6],"provides":[7],"efficient":[8,47],"nearest-neighbor":[9,92],"queries":[10,51,93],"in":[11],"multimedia":[12],"databases":[13],"consisting":[14],"of":[15,24,28,78],"objects":[16],"described":[17],"by":[18,101],"multiple":[19],"feature":[20,34],"vectors.":[21],"The":[22,109],"benefits":[23],"the":[25,85,99],"simultaneous":[26],"usage":[27],"several":[29,79],"(statically":[30],"or":[31],"dynamically)":[32],"weighted":[33],"vectors":[35],"with":[36],"respect":[37],"to":[38],"retrieval":[39],"effectiveness":[40],"have":[41],"been":[42],"previously":[43],"demonstrated.":[44],"Support":[45],"for":[46,71,90],"multi-feature":[48],"vector":[49],"similarity":[50],"is":[52],"an":[53],"open":[54],"problem,":[55],"as":[56],"existing":[57,118],"methods":[59],"do":[60],"not":[61],"support":[62],"dynamically":[63],"parameterized":[64],"distance":[65],"functions.":[66],"solution":[70],"this":[72],"problem":[73],"relying":[74],"on":[75,94,104],"combination":[77],"pivot-based":[80],"metric":[81],"indices.":[82],"define":[84],"index":[86],"structure,":[87],"algorithms":[89],"performing":[91],"these":[95],"structures,":[96],"and":[97],"demonstrate":[98],"feasibility":[100],"experiments":[102],"conducted":[103],"two":[105],"real-world":[106],"image":[107],"databases.":[108],"experimental":[110],"results":[111],"show":[112],"significant":[114],"performance":[115],"improvement":[116],"over":[117],"access":[119],"methods.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}