{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030993695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1060745.1060815","title":"A convenient method for securely managing passwords","display_name":"A convenient method for securely managing passwords","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030993695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1060745.1060815","mag":"2030993695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1060745.1060815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1060745.1060815","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web - WWW '05","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-abstract","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065822688","display_name":"J. Alex Halderman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9116-5390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Alex Halderman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","Princeton Univ., Princeton , NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton Univ., Princeton , NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007379830","display_name":"Brent Waters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9718-8623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brent Waters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108360806","display_name":"Edward W. Felten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2235-4814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward W. Felten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","Princeton Univ., Princeton , NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton Univ., Princeton , NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":210,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"471","last_page":"471"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.9010822772979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8231581449508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-policy","display_name":"Password policy","score":0.6552724838256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6246954202651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s/key","display_name":"S/KEY","score":0.5462878942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5450173020362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5279715657234192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.5167974233627319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-strength","display_name":"Password strength","score":0.45922842621803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-cracking","display_name":"Password cracking","score":0.440211683511734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-time-password","display_name":"One-time password","score":0.33280935883522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.24707671999931335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.9010822772979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8231581449508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98705547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394687","display_name":"Password policy","level":4,"score":0.6552724838256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6246954202651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4957475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242186","display_name":"S/KEY","level":3,"score":0.5462878942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5450173020362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5279715657234192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.5167974233627319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70530487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990841","display_name":"Password strength","level":4,"score":0.45922842621803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3847113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746524","display_name":"Password cracking","level":5,"score":0.440211683511734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.33280935883522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.24707671999931335}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1060745.1060815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1060745.1060815","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web - WWW '05","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.59.3756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.59.3756","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.www2005.org/cdrom/docs/p471.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.60.3044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.60.3044","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.csl.sri.com/users/bwaters/publications/papers/www2005.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.65.5901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.65.5901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~jhalderm/papers/www2005.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178526229","https://openalex.org/W1485033854","https://openalex.org/W1506796649","https://openalex.org/W1516161674","https://openalex.org/W1601218083","https://openalex.org/W1851705369","https://openalex.org/W2063239745","https://openalex.org/W2096867800","https://openalex.org/W2118783124","https://openalex.org/W2124926080","https://openalex.org/W2149929743","https://openalex.org/W2197244448","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969720675","https://openalex.org/W2611520932","https://openalex.org/W4299928509","https://openalex.org/W2953105088","https://openalex.org/W2017283799","https://openalex.org/W313857503","https://openalex.org/W2596766976","https://openalex.org/W1571454820","https://openalex.org/W2793662593","https://openalex.org/W2182949018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer":[0],"users":[1,33,131,162],"are":[2,112],"asked":[3],"to":[4,39,52,83,95,123,132,163,181,198],"generate,":[5],"keep":[6],"secret,":[7],"and":[8,24,48,127,147,156,179,186],"recall":[9],"an":[10,190,196],"increasing":[11],"number":[12,57],"of":[13,58,154,171,183,195],"passwords":[14,43,59,86,135],"for":[15,44,87],"uses":[16,77],"including":[17],"host":[18],"accounts,":[19,47],"email":[20],"servers,":[21],"e-commerce":[22],"sites,":[23],"online":[25],"financial":[26],"services.":[27],"Unfortunately,":[28],"the":[29,56,61,67,93,107,169,193,199],"password":[30],"entropy":[31],"that":[32,76],"can":[34,143],"comfortably":[35],"memorize":[36,96],"seems":[37],"insufficient":[38],"store":[40],"unique,":[41],"secure":[42,85],"all":[45],"these":[46],"it":[49],"is":[50,119],"likely":[51],"remain":[53],"constant":[54],"as":[55,141],"(and":[60],"adversary's":[62],"computational":[63],"power)":[64],"increases":[65],"into":[66],"future.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72,159],"propose":[73],"a":[74,78,98,149],"technique":[75],"strengthened":[79],"cryptographic":[80],"hash":[81],"function":[82],"compute":[84],"arbitrarily":[88],"many":[89],"accounts":[90],"while":[91],"requiring":[92],"user":[94],"only":[97],"single":[99],"short":[100,150],"password.":[101],"This":[102,152],"mechanism":[103],"functions":[104],"entirely":[105],"on":[106],"client;":[108],"no":[109],"server-side":[110],"changes":[111],"needed.":[113],"Unlike":[114],"previous":[115],"approaches,":[116,185],"our":[117,145,165,172],"design":[118],"both":[120],"highly":[121],"resistant":[122],"brute":[124],"force":[125],"attacks":[126],"nearly":[128],"stateless,":[129],"allowing":[130],"retrieve":[133],"their":[134],"from":[136],"any":[137],"location":[138],"so":[139],"long":[140],"they":[142],"execute":[144],"program":[146],"remember":[148],"secret.":[151],"combination":[153],"security":[155],"convenience":[157],"will,":[158],"believe,":[160],"entice":[161],"adopt":[164],"scheme.":[166],"We":[167],"discuss":[168],"construction":[170],"algorithm":[173],"in":[174,192],"detail,":[175],"compare":[176],"its":[177],"strengths":[178],"weaknesses":[180],"those":[182],"related":[184],"present":[187],"Password":[188],"Multiplier,":[189],"implementation":[191],"form":[194],"extension":[197],"Mozilla":[200],"Firefox":[201],"web":[202],"browser.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
