{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070787093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1060710.1060716","title":"Scale-free geometry in OO programs","display_name":"Scale-free geometry in OO programs","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070787093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1060710.1060716","mag":"2070787093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1060710.1060716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1060710.1060716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057086547","display_name":"Alex Potanin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4242-2725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex Potanin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078368556","display_name":"James Noble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-5692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Noble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020402037","display_name":"Marcus Frean","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5840-8760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Frean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010995209","display_name":"Robert Biddle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-2705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Biddle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","Carleton University / Ottawa / Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University / Ottawa / Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057086547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.8543,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":198,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99424954,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"5","first_page":"99","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9593999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5963855981826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5917471647262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4562704265117645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.44611576199531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.34948351979255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.3384206295013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21971073746681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1410946249961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07331773638725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06498336791992188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5963855981826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5917471647262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4562704265117645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.44611576199531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.34948351979255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.3384206295013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21971073746681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1410946249961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07331773638725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06498336791992188}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1060710.1060716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1060710.1060716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543287511","https://openalex.org/W1994687138","https://openalex.org/W2012099766","https://openalex.org/W2026500287","https://openalex.org/W2041258965","https://openalex.org/W2136839747","https://openalex.org/W2139356751","https://openalex.org/W2142887429","https://openalex.org/W2146162554","https://openalex.org/W2316904474","https://openalex.org/W2321470647","https://openalex.org/W2999857599","https://openalex.org/W3088048311","https://openalex.org/W3100054351","https://openalex.org/W6632707322","https://openalex.org/W6772723945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W323219885","https://openalex.org/W2063928587","https://openalex.org/W4292559016","https://openalex.org/W4231937131","https://openalex.org/W1589342014","https://openalex.org/W598950423","https://openalex.org/W4249341887","https://openalex.org/W4256673449","https://openalex.org/W2143331802","https://openalex.org/W2160964171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Though":[0],"conventional":[1],"OO":[2],"design":[3],"suggests":[4],"programs":[5],"should":[6],"be":[7],"built":[8,19],"from":[9,20],"many":[10],"small":[11],"objects,":[12],"like":[13,25],"Lego":[14,29],"bricks,":[15],"they":[16],"are":[17,23],"instead":[18],"objects":[21],"that":[22],"scale-free,":[24],"fractals,":[26],"and":[27],"unlike":[28],"bricks.":[30]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}