{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984719832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1059816.1059820","title":"Probabilistic model checking in practice","display_name":"Probabilistic model checking in practice","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984719832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1059816.1059820","mag":"1984719832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1059816.1059820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1059816.1059820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187660","display_name":"ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review","issn_l":"0163-5999","issn":["0163-5999","1557-9484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081710233","display_name":"Marta Kwiatkowska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9022-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marta Kwiatkowska","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK","University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067544120","display_name":"Gethin Norman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9326-4344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gethin Norman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK","University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036097359","display_name":"David Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-8862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK","University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081710233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97789418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"16","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.8460155129432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7677103877067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.7222604155540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.6504915356636047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.5256646275520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-relevance-model","display_name":"Probabilistic relevance model","score":0.5177275538444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5106819272041321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4692680239677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.462685227394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-analysis-of-algorithms","display_name":"Probabilistic analysis of algorithms","score":0.4441388249397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.43051207065582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.423092782497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-ctl","display_name":"Probabilistic CTL","score":0.41744473576545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2915397882461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2720738649368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23065444827079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06400632858276367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.8460155129432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7677103877067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.7222604155540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6504915356636047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.5256646275520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143017306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318133","display_name":"Probabilistic relevance model","level":4,"score":0.5177275538444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5106819272041321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4692680239677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.462685227394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24404364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246846","display_name":"Probabilistic analysis of algorithms","level":3,"score":0.4441388249397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.43051207065582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.423092782497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52063229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246845","display_name":"Probabilistic CTL","level":4,"score":0.41744473576545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2915397882461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2720738649368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23065444827079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06400632858276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1059816.1059820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1059816.1059820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187660","display_name":"ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review","issn_l":"0163-5999","issn":["0163-5999","1557-9484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157676457","https://openalex.org/W1266757872","https://openalex.org/W1499514499","https://openalex.org/W1504378062","https://openalex.org/W1516849933","https://openalex.org/W1554492130","https://openalex.org/W1603966055","https://openalex.org/W1949722297","https://openalex.org/W1987667503","https://openalex.org/W1988873236","https://openalex.org/W1992996044","https://openalex.org/W1999836359","https://openalex.org/W2028827800","https://openalex.org/W2057873236","https://openalex.org/W2078126895","https://openalex.org/W2093582532","https://openalex.org/W2109453611","https://openalex.org/W2119091865","https://openalex.org/W2119147938","https://openalex.org/W2124446794","https://openalex.org/W2141881497","https://openalex.org/W2149453229","https://openalex.org/W2150056141","https://openalex.org/W2150990538","https://openalex.org/W2156546571","https://openalex.org/W2166069606","https://openalex.org/W2981167595","https://openalex.org/W3003587919","https://openalex.org/W3166178007","https://openalex.org/W3182208082","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6611289978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2576017016","https://openalex.org/W4238495367","https://openalex.org/W2749065928","https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W4224019010","https://openalex.org/W2160610433","https://openalex.org/W2903940728","https://openalex.org/W2030292806","https://openalex.org/W3143712745","https://openalex.org/W2076385713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"describe":[4],"some":[5],"practical":[6],"applications":[7],"of":[8,18,28,31,47,61,78,100],"probabilistic":[9,38,68],"model":[10,39],"checking,":[11],"a":[12,29,75,90,98],"technique":[13],"for":[14,96],"the":[15,37,44],"formal":[16,63],"analysis":[17,94],"systems":[19],"which":[20,51],"exhibit":[21],"stochastic":[22],"behaviour.":[23],"We":[24,56],"give":[25],"an":[26],"overview":[27],"selection":[30],"case":[32],"studies":[33],"carried":[34],"out":[35],"using":[36,62],"checking":[40],"tool":[41],"PRISM,":[42],"demonstrating":[43],"wide":[45,76],"range":[46,77],"application":[48],"domains":[49],"to":[50,66,81],"these":[52],"methods":[53],"are":[54],"applicable.":[55],"also":[57],"illustrate":[58],"several":[59],"benefits":[60],"verification":[64],"techniques":[65],"analyse":[67],"systems,":[69],"including:":[70],"(i)":[71],"that":[72,87],"they":[73,88],"allow":[74],"numerical":[79],"properties":[80],"be":[82],"computed":[83],"accurately;":[84],"and":[85,92,102],"(ii)":[86],"perform":[89],"complete":[91],"exhaustive":[93],"enabling,":[95],"example,":[97],"study":[99],"best-":[101],"worst-case":[103],"scenarios.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}