{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139578306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1048935.1050153","title":"Performance evaluation and tuning of GRAPE-6 - towards 40 \"real\" Tflops","display_name":"Performance evaluation and tuning of GRAPE-6 - towards 40 \"real\" Tflops","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139578306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1048935.1050153","mag":"2139578306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1048935.1050153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1048935.1050153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041411730","display_name":"Junichiro Makino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0411-4297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junichiro Makino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Japan","University of Tokyo, , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090725970","display_name":"Eiichiro Kokubo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-7828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159940","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatory of Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/052rrw050","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I199525922","https://openalex.org/I4210159940"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eiichiro Kokubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080132620","display_name":"Toshiyuki Fukushige","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiyuki Fukushige","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Japan","University of Tokyo, , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0328,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81599124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13126","display_name":"Scientific Research and Discoveries","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13126","display_name":"Scientific Research and Discoveries","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7974175214767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.7792916297912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.676371693611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.5281534194946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitation","display_name":"Gravitation","score":0.4943199157714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-the-fly","display_name":"On the fly","score":0.43111634254455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.35447561740875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3448449373245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.33642813563346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14178568124771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1084151566028595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.09320473670959473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7974175214767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.7792916297912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.676371693611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.5281534194946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.4943199157714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781020372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533093","display_name":"On the fly","level":2,"score":0.43111634254455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.35447561740875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3448449373245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.33642813563346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14178568124771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1084151566028595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09320473670959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1048935.1050153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1048935.1050153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532542417","https://openalex.org/W1629396682","https://openalex.org/W1644459459","https://openalex.org/W1653089541","https://openalex.org/W1975890942","https://openalex.org/W1989997044","https://openalex.org/W1994986960","https://openalex.org/W2013080050","https://openalex.org/W2027693683","https://openalex.org/W2068306188","https://openalex.org/W2083206954","https://openalex.org/W2087246027","https://openalex.org/W2088617204","https://openalex.org/W2091750176","https://openalex.org/W2163315815","https://openalex.org/W2164168570","https://openalex.org/W2171695156","https://openalex.org/W2540569505","https://openalex.org/W3022269534","https://openalex.org/W3100028230","https://openalex.org/W3103292678","https://openalex.org/W3105579689","https://openalex.org/W3124236076","https://openalex.org/W6834887356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380433113","https://openalex.org/W4386072068","https://openalex.org/W252339960","https://openalex.org/W2390529043","https://openalex.org/W2378320433","https://openalex.org/W2358343511","https://openalex.org/W2051877971","https://openalex.org/W1970117064","https://openalex.org/W1787170397","https://openalex.org/W4292347844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"describe":[4],"the":[5,10,34,45,48,59,63,82,89,95],"performance":[6,90,97,106],"characteristics":[7],"of":[8,20,26,36,47,62,65,75,84],"GRAPE-6,":[9],"sixth-generation":[11],"special-purpose":[12],"computer":[13],"for":[14,33,98],"gravitational":[15,37],"many-body":[16],"problems.":[17],"GRAPE-6":[18,76],"consists":[19],"2048":[21],"custom":[22],"pipeline":[23,30],"chips,":[24],"each":[25],"which":[27],"integrates":[28],"six":[29],"processors":[31,52],"specialized":[32],"calculation":[35],"interaction":[38],"between":[39],"particles.":[40],"The":[41,50,71,104],"GRAPE":[42],"hardware":[43],"performs":[44],"evaluation":[46],"interaction.":[49],"frontend":[51],"perform":[53],"all":[54],"other":[55],"operations,":[56],"such":[57],"as":[58],"time":[60],"integration":[61],"orbits":[64],"particles,":[66],"I/O,":[67],"on-the-fly":[68],"analysis":[69],"etc.":[70],"theoretical":[72],"peak":[73],"speed":[74],"is":[77,113],"63.4":[78],"Tflops.":[79,115],"We":[80,92],"present":[81,94],"result":[83],"benchmark":[85],"runs,":[86],"and":[87],"discuss":[88],"characteristics.":[91],"also":[93],"measured":[96],"a":[99],"few":[100],"real":[101,111],"scientific":[102],"applications.":[103],"best":[105],"so":[107],"far":[108],"achieved":[109],"with":[110],"applications":[112],"35.3":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}