{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067923859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1045283.1045333","title":"Natural language graphics","display_name":"Natural language graphics","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067923859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1045283.1045333","mag":"2067923859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1045283.1045333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1045283.1045333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224649","display_name":"ACM SIGART Bulletin","issn_l":"0163-5719","issn":["0163-5719","2331-1673"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGART Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005689123","display_name":"David C. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2493-636X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. C. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","The Ohio State University, Columbus (Ohio)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus (Ohio)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024983531","display_name":"H. William Buttelmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. W. Buttelmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","The Ohio State University, Columbus (Ohio)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus (Ohio)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002065279","display_name":"B. Chandrasekaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5582-1223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Chandrasekaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","The Ohio State University, Columbus (Ohio)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus (Ohio)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051506420","display_name":"S. C. Kwasny","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. C. Kwasny","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","The Ohio State University, Columbus (Ohio)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus (Ohio)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045561452","display_name":"Norman K. Sondheimer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. K. Sondheimer","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","The Ohio State University, Columbus (Ohio)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus (Ohio)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005689123"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1180458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"61","first_page":"57","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.8978000283241272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.8978000283241272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.8967000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.8496000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7713742256164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.7706809043884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.6096283197402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5770981311798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5553438663482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5019428730010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4453738331794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-programming","display_name":"Natural language programming","score":0.4388279318809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.42083412408828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.2832775115966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2681385278701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.2647014558315277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-networking-language","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","score":0.12000814080238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension-approach","display_name":"Comprehension approach","score":0.08569565415382385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7713742256164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.7706809043884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.6096283197402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5770981311798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5553438663482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5019428730010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4453738331794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67463725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17081452","display_name":"Natural language programming","level":5,"score":0.4388279318809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.42083412408828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2832775115966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2681385278701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.2647014558315277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83479923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063748","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","level":4,"score":0.12000814080238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.08569565415382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1045283.1045333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1045283.1045333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224649","display_name":"ACM SIGART Bulletin","issn_l":"0163-5719","issn":["0163-5719","2331-1673"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGART Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W624297032","https://openalex.org/W2035032881","https://openalex.org/W2048810095","https://openalex.org/W2134199742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2221819563","https://openalex.org/W2067569787","https://openalex.org/W2067805538","https://openalex.org/W4310801723","https://openalex.org/W2913520953","https://openalex.org/W2040875336","https://openalex.org/W2386036461","https://openalex.org/W1968262010","https://openalex.org/W2079798264","https://openalex.org/W3030968840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,7,39],"Natural":[1,22],"Language":[2],"Graphics":[3],"Project":[4],"(NLG)":[5],"at":[6],"Ohio":[8],"State":[9],"University":[10],"is":[11],"concerned":[12],"with":[13],"natural":[14],"language":[15],"programming":[16,56],"in":[17,54,67],"an":[18],"interactive":[19],"graphics":[20],"environment.":[21,57],"interaction":[23],"between":[24,49],"men":[25],"depends":[26],"on":[27],"a":[28,55],"combination":[29],"of":[30,36,41],"both":[31],"graphical":[32,50],"and":[33,51,64,74],"linguistic":[34,52],"modes":[35],"communication":[37],"[1].":[38],"goals":[40],"the":[42,47],"project":[43],"are":[44],"to":[45],"study":[46],"relationships":[48],"processing":[53],"To":[58],"achieve":[59],"these":[60],"goals,":[61],"associated":[62],"practical":[63],"theoretical":[65],"issues":[66],"man-machine":[68],"interaction,":[69],"computer":[70],"graphics,":[71],"computational":[72],"linguistics,":[73],"knowledge":[75],"representation":[76],"will":[77],"be":[78],"investigated.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}