{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069588696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1045264.1045265","title":"Computer power and human reason","display_name":"Computer power and human reason","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069588696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1045264.1045265","mag":"2069588696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1045264.1045265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1045264.1045265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224649","display_name":"ACM SIGART Bulletin","issn_l":"0163-5719","issn":["0163-5719","2331-1673"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGART Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070191324","display_name":"Benjamin Kuipers","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Kuipers","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, Mass"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, Mass","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087175689","display_name":"John McCarthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John McCarthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Unviersity AI Lab, Stanford, CA","Stanford Unviersity AI Lab, Stanford, CA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Unviersity AI Lab, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Unviersity AI Lab, Stanford, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072023443","display_name":"Joseph Weizenbaum","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Weizenbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":77.3793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1057,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99946495,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"58","first_page":"4","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.7479000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.7479000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/praise","display_name":"Praise","score":0.8788504600524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.6682697534561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34609439969062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3432579040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.34283190965652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.3348273038864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3289482593536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.32565417885780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.2023967206478119}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775868214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208425","display_name":"Praise","level":2,"score":0.8788504600524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6682697534561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34609439969062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3432579040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.34283190965652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3348273038864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3289482593536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32565417885780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2023967206478119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1045264.1045265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1045264.1045265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224649","display_name":"ACM SIGART Bulletin","issn_l":"0163-5719","issn":["0163-5719","2331-1673"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGART Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4230470889","https://openalex.org/W4297154351","https://openalex.org/W1976531352","https://openalex.org/W2385075022","https://openalex.org/W4298326097","https://openalex.org/W2618656217","https://openalex.org/W2465155321","https://openalex.org/W2373922510","https://openalex.org/W3167909219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I":[0,56],"had":[1],"some":[2,17],"strong":[3],"reactions":[4],"to":[5,40,74],"Joe":[6],"Weizenbaum's":[7],"book,":[8],"Computer":[9],"Power":[10],"and":[11,25,47],"Human":[12],"Reason.":[13],"The":[14],"book":[15],"mentions":[16],"important":[18],"concerns":[19],"which":[20],"are":[21],"obscured":[22],"by":[23],"harsh":[24],"sometimes":[26],"shrill":[27],"accusations":[28],"against":[29],"the":[30,36,43,49,67,80],"Artificial":[31],"Intelligence":[32],"research":[33],"community.":[34],"On":[35],"whole,":[37],"it":[38],"seems":[39],"me":[41],"that":[42],"personal":[44],"attacks":[45],"distract":[46],"mislead":[48],"reader":[50],"from":[51],"more":[52],"valuable":[53],"abstract":[54],"points.":[55],"strongly":[57],"recommend":[58],"Samuel":[59],"Florman's":[60],"article":[61],"\"In":[62],"Praise":[63],"of":[64,71,82],"Technology\"":[65],"in":[66,84],"November,":[68],"1975,":[69],"issue":[70],"Harper's":[72],"Magazine":[73],"see":[75],"a":[76],"different":[77],"opinion":[78],"about":[79],"role":[81],"technology":[83],"modern":[85],"society.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}