{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069805027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1040830.1040862","title":"A location representation for generating descriptive walking directions","display_name":"A location representation for generating descriptive walking directions","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069805027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1040830.1040862","mag":"2069805027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1040830.1040862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1040830.1040862","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030362435","display_name":"Gary Look","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Look","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge MA","MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge MA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072081214","display_name":"Buddhika Kottahachchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Buddhika Kottahachchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge MA","MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge MA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050967263","display_name":"Robert Laddaga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Laddaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge MA","MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge MA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046588386","display_name":"Howard Shrobe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-4606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard Shrobe","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge MA","MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge MA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0753,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9493052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"122","last_page":"129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7681226134300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.7590624094009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.7061490416526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.6643548607826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.6335362195968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6292296648025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5031573176383972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.42642027139663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40130966901779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.37550249695777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15547588467597961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7681226134300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7590624094009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7061490416526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.6643548607826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.6335362195968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6292296648025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5031573176383972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42642027139663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40130966901779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.37550249695777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15547588467597961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1040830.1040862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1040830.1040862","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.85.9320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.85.9320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://e21.csail.mit.edu/external/publications-area/look-walking-directions.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131864355","https://openalex.org/W146707186","https://openalex.org/W180847159","https://openalex.org/W1487060125","https://openalex.org/W1508130910","https://openalex.org/W1538372377","https://openalex.org/W1721378200","https://openalex.org/W1783217918","https://openalex.org/W1934834154","https://openalex.org/W2015809783","https://openalex.org/W2018843899","https://openalex.org/W2049742126","https://openalex.org/W2107658650","https://openalex.org/W2116144942","https://openalex.org/W2122353148","https://openalex.org/W2126505864","https://openalex.org/W2142309932","https://openalex.org/W2142789544","https://openalex.org/W2144898452","https://openalex.org/W2151701875","https://openalex.org/W2161808137","https://openalex.org/W4239696231","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6605982807","https://openalex.org/W6629025635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357256365","https://openalex.org/W2003333417","https://openalex.org/W2348502264","https://openalex.org/W2365486383","https://openalex.org/W2362059367","https://openalex.org/W2350084742","https://openalex.org/W2378862226","https://openalex.org/W118236634","https://openalex.org/W2901443725","https://openalex.org/W2355326633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"expressive":[1],"representation":[2],"for":[3],"location":[4],"is":[5,43],"an":[6,48,80],"important":[7],"component":[8],"in":[9],"many":[10,14],"applications.":[11],"However,":[12],"while":[13],"location-aware":[15],"applications":[16],"can":[17,109],"reason":[18],"about":[19],"space":[20,42],"at":[21],"the":[22,35,57,65,99],"level":[23],"of":[24,68,101],"coordinates":[25],"and":[26,93],"containment":[27],"relationships,":[28],"they":[29],"have":[30],"no":[31],"way":[32],"to":[33,78,87,112],"express":[34],"semantics":[36],"that":[37,50,82,97],"define":[38],"how":[39,74,107],"a":[40,69,91,94],"particular":[41],"used.":[44],"We":[45,72,104],"present":[46],"Lair,":[47],"ontology":[49],"addresses":[51],"this":[52],"problem":[53],"by":[54,90],"modeling":[55],"both":[56],"geographical":[58],"relationships":[59],"between":[60],"spaces":[61],"as":[62,64],"well":[63],"functional":[66],"purpose":[67],"given":[70,89],"space.":[71],"describe":[73,106],"Lair":[75,108],"was":[76],"used":[77,111],"create":[79],"application":[81],"produces":[83],"walking":[84],"directions":[85],"comparable":[86],"those":[88],"person,":[92],"pilot":[95],"study":[96],"evaluated":[98],"quality":[100],"these":[102],"directions.":[103],"also":[105],"be":[110],"evaluate":[113],"other":[114],"intelligent":[115],"user":[116],"interfaces.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
