{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4238796862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1031859.1031860","title":"Introduction","display_name":"Introduction","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4238796862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1031859.1031860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1031859.1031860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1031859.1031860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181451","display_name":"XRDS Crossroads The ACM Magazine for Students","issn_l":"1528-4972","issn":["1528-4972","1528-4980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084565412","display_name":"William G. Stevenson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2118-7893"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William Stevenson","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084565412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63519121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.7829736471176147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.44283437728881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43870794773101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.33677399158477783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.7829736471176147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.44283437728881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43870794773101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.33677399158477783}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1031859.1031860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1031859.1031860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181451","display_name":"XRDS Crossroads The ACM Magazine for Students","issn_l":"1528-4972","issn":["1528-4972","1528-4980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061973238"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2323581027","https://openalex.org/W2559452788","https://openalex.org/W4231226515","https://openalex.org/W2060041177","https://openalex.org/W2322382814","https://openalex.org/W4232745934","https://openalex.org/W2126189245","https://openalex.org/W3198614086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"article":[0],"Introduction":[1],"Share":[2],"on":[3,69],"Author:":[4],"William":[5],"Stevenson":[6],"View":[7],"Profile":[8],"Authors":[9],"Info":[10],"&":[11],"Claims":[12],"XRDS:":[13],"Crossroads,":[14],"The":[15],"ACM":[16],"Magazine":[17],"for":[18],"StudentsVolume":[19],"11Issue":[20],"1September":[21],"2004":[22],"pp":[23],"1https://doi.org/10.1145/1031859.1031860Online:01":[24],"September":[25],"2004Publication":[26],"History":[27],"0citation110DownloadsMetricsTotal":[28],"Citations0Total":[29],"Downloads110Last":[30],"12":[31],"Months0Last":[32],"6":[33],"weeks0":[34],"Get":[35],"Citation":[36,38,75],"AlertsNew":[37,74],"Alert":[39],"added!This":[40],"alert":[41,66],"has":[42,61],"been":[43,62],"successfully":[44],"added":[45],"and":[46],"will":[47,51],"be":[48,52],"sent":[49],"to:You":[50],"notified":[53],"whenever":[54],"a":[55,87],"record":[56],"that":[57],"you":[58],"have":[59],"chosen":[60],"cited.To":[63],"manage":[64],"your":[65,80],"preferences,":[67],"click":[68],"the":[70],"button":[71],"below.Manage":[72],"my":[73],"Alert!Please":[76],"log":[77],"in":[78],"to":[79,83,85],"account":[81],"Save":[82],"BinderSave":[84],"BinderCreate":[86],"New":[88],"BinderNameCancelCreateExport":[89],"CitationPublisher":[90],"SiteGet":[91],"Access":[92]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
