{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138845856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1029618.1029627","title":"Toward understanding distributed blackhole placement","display_name":"Toward understanding distributed blackhole placement","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138845856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1029618.1029627","mag":"2138845856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1029618.1029627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1029618.1029627","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on Rapid malcode","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110188023","display_name":"Evan Cooke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Evan Cooke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045573429","display_name":"Michael Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8425-993X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003217329","display_name":"Z. Morley Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9844-2055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Morley Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057408392","display_name":"David Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-0576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078067855","display_name":"Farnam Jahanian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farnam Jahanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110014891","display_name":"Danny McPherson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danny McPherson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arbor Networks","Arbor Networks,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arbor Networks","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arbor Networks,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110188023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2081,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98475812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"54","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7678250670433044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.671040415763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6539899706840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5220884680747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-traffic","display_name":"Internet traffic","score":0.5220755934715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5097278952598572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.4913269579410553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4530385136604309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-protocol","display_name":"Internet Protocol","score":0.45228689908981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ip-address-spoofing","display_name":"IP address spoofing","score":0.44718775153160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4244082570075989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-space","display_name":"Cyber Space","score":0.4139113426208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.20899835228919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ip-address-management","display_name":"IP address management","score":0.12032198905944824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7678250670433044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.671040415763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6539899706840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5220884680747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63969886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536440","display_name":"Internet traffic","level":3,"score":0.5220755934715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5097278952598572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.4913269579410553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4530385136604309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35341882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8795","display_name":"Internet Protocol","level":3,"score":0.45228689908981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111814575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550893","display_name":"IP address spoofing","level":5,"score":0.44718775153160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4244082570075989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909575446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyber Space","level":3,"score":0.4139113426208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.20899835228919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201980515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13219707","display_name":"IP address management","level":4,"score":0.12032198905944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1029618.1029627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1029618.1029627","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on Rapid malcode","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.66.9873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.66.9873","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.icir.org/vern/worm04/cooke_worm04.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.89.5356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.89.5356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~farnam/pubs/2004-cb-worm04.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20145356","https://openalex.org/W30252206","https://openalex.org/W89605767","https://openalex.org/W148447563","https://openalex.org/W206164581","https://openalex.org/W1516506771","https://openalex.org/W1517527854","https://openalex.org/W1532313454","https://openalex.org/W1563061804","https://openalex.org/W1605124321","https://openalex.org/W1674877186","https://openalex.org/W2023955403","https://openalex.org/W2031006315","https://openalex.org/W2039390926","https://openalex.org/W2121020193","https://openalex.org/W2121635209","https://openalex.org/W2147767253","https://openalex.org/W2158060559","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W3171759437","https://openalex.org/W6600797368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978185930","https://openalex.org/W2360631891","https://openalex.org/W2342553505","https://openalex.org/W2051979939","https://openalex.org/W2000155568","https://openalex.org/W2089278933","https://openalex.org/W2348219379","https://openalex.org/W2361101593","https://openalex.org/W4387799680","https://openalex.org/W2791075267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"monitoring":[1],"of":[2,41,88,112,118,145,188,209],"unused":[3,33,65],"Internet":[4,17,20,93,120],"address":[5,34,66,100,148],"space":[6],"has":[7,78],"been":[8],"shown":[9],"to":[10,80,90,133,184],"be":[11,38],"an":[12,32],"effective":[13],"method":[14],"for":[15,194,204],"characterizing":[16,60],"threats":[18],"including":[19],"worms":[21,51],"and":[22,52,138,162,168,170],"DDOS":[23],"attacks.":[24],"Because":[25],"there":[26],"are":[27,116,128],"no":[28],"legitimate":[29],"hosts":[30],"in":[31,130,153],"block,":[35],"traffic":[36,61,105,154],"must":[37],"the":[39,82,119,146,205,207],"result":[40],"misconfiguration,":[42],"backscatter":[43],"from":[44,50,84],"spoofed":[45],"source":[46],"addresses,":[47],"or":[48],"scanning":[49],"other":[53],"probing.":[54],"This":[55,107,176],"paper":[56],"extends":[57],"previous":[58],"work":[59,108],"seen":[62],"at":[63],"specific":[64,166],"blocks":[67,89,101],"by":[68],"examining":[69],"differences":[70,152],"observed":[71,155],"between":[72],"these":[73,195,198],"blocks.":[74],"While":[75],"past":[76],"research":[77],"attempted":[79],"extrapolate":[81],"results":[83],"a":[85,110,142,165,172,186],"small":[86],"number":[87],"represent":[91],"global":[92],"traffic,":[94],"we":[95,200],"present":[96],"evidence":[97,177],"that":[98],"distributed":[99],"observe":[102],"dramatically":[103],"different":[104],"patterns.":[106],"uses":[109],"network":[111],"blackhole":[113],"sensors":[114,127],"which":[115],"part":[117],"Motion":[121],"Sensor":[122],"(IMS)":[123],"collection":[124],"infrastructure.":[125],"These":[126],"deployed":[129],"networks":[131],"belonging":[132],"service":[134],"providers,":[135],"large":[136],"enterprises,":[137],"academic":[139],"institutions":[140],"representing":[141],"diverse":[143],"sample":[144],"IPv4":[147],"space.":[149],"We":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"along":[156],"three":[157],"dimensions:":[158],"over":[159,164,171],"all":[160],"protocols":[161],"services,":[163],"protocol":[167],"service,":[169],"particular":[173],"worm":[174],"signature.":[175],"is":[178],"then":[179],"combined":[180],"with":[181,202],"additional":[182],"experimentation":[183],"build":[185],"list":[187],"sensor":[189,210],"properties":[190],"providing":[191],"plausible":[192],"explanations":[193],"differences.":[196],"Using":[197],"properties,":[199],"conclude":[201],"recommendations":[203],"understanding":[206],"implications":[208],"placement.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}