{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098785389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1028630.1028654","title":"Nonvisual tool for navigating hierarchical structures","display_name":"Nonvisual tool for navigating hierarchical structures","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098785389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1028630.1028654","mag":"2098785389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1028630.1028654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1028630.1028654","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102259403","display_name":"Ann C. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147856","display_name":"Saint Mary's University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3sec91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147856"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ann C. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saint Mary's University, Winona, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saint Mary's University, Winona, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045661817","display_name":"Justin S. Cook","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5795714","display_name":"Winona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kmxt141","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5795714","https://openalex.org/I91221267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin S. Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Winona State University, Winona, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Winona State University, Winona, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5795714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034139193","display_name":"Joan M. Francioni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5795714","display_name":"Winona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kmxt141","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5795714","https://openalex.org/I91221267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan M. Francioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Winona State University, Winona, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Winona State University, Winona, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5795714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015107858","display_name":"Asif Hossain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5795714","display_name":"Winona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kmxt141","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5795714","https://openalex.org/I91221267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asif Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Winona State University, Winona, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Winona State University, Winona, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5795714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057693934","display_name":"Mohd Firuz Mohd Anwar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162301","display_name":"University of Minnesota Morris","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzqzh92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162301"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota - Morris, Morris, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota - Morris, Morris, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162301"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113993601","display_name":"Mashiur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2257-968X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5795714","display_name":"Winona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kmxt141","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5795714","https://openalex.org/I91221267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Fayezur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Winona State University, Winona, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Winona State University, Winona, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5795714"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8042,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95231232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"133","last_page":"139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8256751298904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.7170913815498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.6801454424858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6105575561523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-database-model","display_name":"Hierarchical database model","score":0.5557389855384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5311191082000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.5278085470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eclipse","display_name":"Eclipse","score":0.4986553192138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4615744352340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.4168611168861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4120649993419647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3475094437599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3214080035686493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.17727473378181458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8256751298904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.7170913815498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.6801454424858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6105575561523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144986985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871236","display_name":"Hierarchical database model","level":2,"score":0.5557389855384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5311191082000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.5278085470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778505590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141022","display_name":"Eclipse","level":2,"score":0.4986553192138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4615744352340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.4168611168861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4120649993419647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3475094437599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3214080035686493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.17727473378181458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1028630.1028654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1028630.1028654","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592902143","https://openalex.org/W1872675725","https://openalex.org/W1943670962","https://openalex.org/W1989016101","https://openalex.org/W1993516864","https://openalex.org/W2026506423","https://openalex.org/W2037582869","https://openalex.org/W2049485428","https://openalex.org/W2069090116","https://openalex.org/W2096701393","https://openalex.org/W2102155988","https://openalex.org/W2151406162","https://openalex.org/W3148187518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W640253221","https://openalex.org/W2372453241","https://openalex.org/W2371387875","https://openalex.org/W2531660186","https://openalex.org/W2064670891","https://openalex.org/W2030846031","https://openalex.org/W2013559555","https://openalex.org/W1987871343","https://openalex.org/W2025988984","https://openalex.org/W178860912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,88],"hierarchical":[1,47,109],"structure":[2,22,48],"of":[3,20,26,49,59,69,90],"a":[4,57,75,104],"program":[5,21],"can":[6],"be":[7,97],"quite":[8],"complex.":[9],"As":[10],"such,":[11],"many":[12],"Integrated":[13],"Development":[14],"Environments":[15],"(IDEs)":[16],"provide":[17],"graphical":[18],"representations":[19,29],"at":[23],"different":[24],"levels":[25],"abstraction.":[27],"Such":[28],"are":[30,40],"not":[31,41],"very":[32],"accessible":[33,63],"to":[34,43,77,96,107],"non-sighted":[35,105],"programmers,":[36],"as":[37,74],"screen":[38],"readers":[39],"able":[42],"portray":[44],"the":[45,50,78,91,94],"underlying":[46],"information.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53,70],"paper,":[54],"we":[55],"define":[56],"set":[58],"requirements":[60],"for":[61,103],"an":[62,98],"tree":[64],"navigation":[65],"strategy.":[66],"An":[67],"implementation":[68],"strategy":[71,95],"was":[72,82],"developed":[73],"plug-in":[76],"Eclipse":[79],"IDE":[80],"and":[81,100],"tested":[83],"by":[84],"twelve":[85],"student":[86],"programmers.":[87],"evaluation":[89],"tool":[92],"shows":[93],"efficient":[99],"effective":[101],"way":[102],"programmer":[106],"navigate":[108],"structures.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}