{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151609626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1023783.1023786","title":"Error characteristics and calibration-free techniques for wireless LAN-based location estimation","display_name":"Error characteristics and calibration-free techniques for wireless LAN-based location estimation","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151609626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1023783.1023786","mag":"2151609626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1023783.1023786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1023783.1023786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the second international workshop on Mobility management &amp; wireless access protocols","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012323997","display_name":"Youngjune Gwon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngjune Gwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["DoCoMo Communications Laboratories USA, Inc., San Jose, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DoCoMo Communications Laboratories USA, Inc., San Jose, CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103583426","display_name":"Ravi Jain","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["DoCoMo Communications Laboratories USA, Inc., San Jose, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DoCoMo Communications Laboratories USA, Inc., San Jose, CA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5503,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":128,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95610682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-lan","display_name":"Wireless lan","score":0.7802758812904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6958580017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6407159566879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5372621417045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5137758851051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3516038656234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27805212140083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22372668981552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13581764698028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1232023537158966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985434377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212607","display_name":"Wireless lan","level":3,"score":0.7802758812904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6958580017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6407159566879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5372621417045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5137758851051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3516038656234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27805212140083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22372668981552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13581764698028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1232023537158966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1023783.1023786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1023783.1023786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the second international workshop on Mobility management &amp; wireless access protocols","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.149.1963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.149.1963","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ravijainweb.com/pcs/location/calibration-p2-gwon-mobiwac04.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2646853","https://openalex.org/W1553870164","https://openalex.org/W1565980524","https://openalex.org/W1582561767","https://openalex.org/W1999604371","https://openalex.org/W2045308291","https://openalex.org/W2046583689","https://openalex.org/W2097183220","https://openalex.org/W2131271719","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2601824020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W2563559453","https://openalex.org/W2382330008","https://openalex.org/W1519970947","https://openalex.org/W4383503847","https://openalex.org/W2342695897","https://openalex.org/W2369828856","https://openalex.org/W2216265843","https://openalex.org/W2293504828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"wireless":[1,28,80],"LAN":[2,81],"technology":[3],"for":[4],"location":[5,30,41,66,93,131],"estimation":[6],"provides":[7],"alternate":[8],"means":[9],"to":[10,51,112],"enable":[11],"location-based":[12],"applications":[13],"without":[14],"investment":[15],"in":[16,42,71],"sensor":[17],"network":[18],"infrastructure":[19],"and":[20,49,88,95,136,143],"special":[21],"hardware.":[22],"However,":[23],"the":[24,118,130,138],"main":[25],"drawback":[26],"of":[27,34,40,64,75,117,129,140],"LAN-based":[29],"systems":[31],"is":[32,110],"calibration":[33],"signal":[35],"strength":[36],"as":[37,69],"a":[38,91],"function":[39],"spatially":[43],"high-density,":[44],"which":[45,109],"consumes":[46],"manual":[47],"labor":[48],"needs":[50],"be":[52],"carried":[53],"out":[54],"repeatedly.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59,84],"analyze":[60],"empirical":[61,97],"error":[62,105,127],"characteristics":[63,128],"calibration-based":[65],"algorithms":[67,132],"such":[68],"triangulation":[70],"various":[72],"spatial":[73],"densities":[74],"calibration,":[76],"using":[77],"commercially":[78],"available":[79],"products.":[82],"Then,":[83],"propose":[85],"Triangular":[86],"Interpolation":[87],"eXtrapolation":[89],"(TIX),":[90],"calibrationfree":[92],"algorithm,":[94],"present":[96,123],"performance":[98],"evaluation.":[99],"TIX":[100],"can":[101],"achieve":[102],"mean":[103],"distance":[104],"within":[106,113],"5.4":[107],"m,":[108],"comparable":[111],"4.7":[114],"m":[115],"errors":[116],"calibrationbased":[119],"algorithms.":[120],"We":[121],"also":[122],"theoretical":[124],"analysis":[125],"on":[126],"deriving":[133],"accuracy":[134],"limits":[135],"quantifying":[137],"effect":[139],"RF":[141],"measurement":[142],"calibration.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
