{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999563089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1022594.1022596","title":"Latency lags bandwith","display_name":"Latency lags bandwith","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999563089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1022594.1022596","mag":"1999563089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1022594.1022596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1022594.1022596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101927146","display_name":"David A. Patterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-1015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David A. Patterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101927146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7805,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":237,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99054899,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"10","first_page":"71","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9010999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9010999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-thumb","display_name":"Rule of thumb","score":0.7595644593238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7147038578987122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6805351376533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dozen","display_name":"Dozen","score":0.6431080102920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theme","display_name":"Theme (computing)","score":0.4567519426345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4405132234096527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3313276171684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.24629607796669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13036277890205383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.11525237560272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07231870293617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06872797012329102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89246107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1398821","display_name":"Rule of thumb","level":2,"score":0.7595644593238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7147038578987122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6805351376533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185181809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605704","display_name":"Dozen","level":2,"score":0.6431080102920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33566652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065927","display_name":"Theme (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4567519426345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4405132234096527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3313276171684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24629607796669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13036277890205383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.11525237560272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07231870293617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06872797012329102}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1022594.1022596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1022594.1022596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555915743","https://openalex.org/W1567646530","https://openalex.org/W1576501033","https://openalex.org/W1581334426","https://openalex.org/W1970917887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232622239","https://openalex.org/W4248098561","https://openalex.org/W2089830040","https://openalex.org/W2809019971","https://openalex.org/W2145289172","https://openalex.org/W4230509584","https://openalex.org/W2793725298","https://openalex.org/W2384800066","https://openalex.org/W2773545328","https://openalex.org/W3214993085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"I":[1,5,23],"review":[2],"performance":[3,27],"trends,":[4],"am":[6],"struck":[7],"by":[8],"a":[9,25,38,45],"consistent":[10],"theme":[11],"across":[12],"many":[13,33],"technologies:":[14],"bandwidth":[15],"improves":[16],"much":[17],"more":[18],"quickly":[19],"than":[20],"latency.":[21],"Here,":[22],"list":[24],"half-dozen":[26],"milestones":[28],"to":[29,41,49,57],"document":[30],"this":[31,63],"observation,":[32],"reasons":[34],"why":[35],"it":[36],"happens,":[37],"few":[39],"ways":[40],"cope":[42],"with":[43],"it,":[44,51],"rule":[46],"of":[47,55],"thumb":[48],"quantify":[50],"plus":[52],"an":[53],"example":[54],"how":[56],"design":[58],"systems":[59],"differently":[60],"based":[61],"on":[62],"observation.":[64]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
