{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074787600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1017753.1017800","title":"Reducing program image size by extracting frozen code and data","display_name":"Reducing program image size by extracting frozen code and data","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074787600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1017753.1017800","mag":"2074787600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1017753.1017800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1017753.1017800","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM international conference on Embedded software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085283623","display_name":"Daniel Citron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-4176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167297","display_name":"IBM Research - Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/05rw9t746","country_code":"IL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210167297"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Citron","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Haifa Labs, Haifa, Israel","IBM Haifa Labs., Haifa, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Haifa Labs, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167297"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Haifa Labs., Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108481378","display_name":"Gadi Haber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167297","display_name":"IBM Research - Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/05rw9t746","country_code":"IL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210167297"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gadi Haber","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Haifa Labs, Haifa, Israel","IBM Haifa Labs., Haifa, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Haifa Labs, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167297"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Haifa Labs., Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113825831","display_name":"Roy Levin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167297","display_name":"IBM Research - Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/05rw9t746","country_code":"IL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210167297"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roy Levin","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Haifa Labs, Haifa, Israel","IBM Haifa Labs., Haifa, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Haifa Labs, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167297"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Haifa Labs., Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085283623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210167297"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56391803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"297","last_page":"305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.874394953250885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8544437289237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spec#","display_name":"Spec#","score":0.6784326434135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.6019493937492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5549566745758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-file-formats","display_name":"Image file formats","score":0.4637380838394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.45631134510040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.45379838347435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4294782280921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.40596726536750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.34530317783355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14052453637123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.09221097826957703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.874394953250885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8544437289237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778565505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207566","display_name":"Spec#","level":2,"score":0.6784326434135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.6019493937492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5549566745758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65377053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1572121","display_name":"Image file formats","level":3,"score":0.4637380838394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.45631134510040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.45379838347435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4294782280921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40596726536750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.34530317783355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14052453637123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.09221097826957703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1017753.1017800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1017753.1017800","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM international conference on Embedded software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.540.2294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.540.2294","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/rts/docs/EMSOFT-2004-2005/docs04/p297.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.92.9471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.92.9471","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/AY2005/cs4220_spring/papers/10B-citron-reduce.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1627759","https://openalex.org/W143189045","https://openalex.org/W1524758670","https://openalex.org/W1555915743","https://openalex.org/W1947621832","https://openalex.org/W2005217673","https://openalex.org/W2008015263","https://openalex.org/W2018156401","https://openalex.org/W2018310694","https://openalex.org/W2060108852","https://openalex.org/W2107745473","https://openalex.org/W2117285153","https://openalex.org/W2122095039","https://openalex.org/W2128242846","https://openalex.org/W2145900424","https://openalex.org/W2149047095","https://openalex.org/W2150001879","https://openalex.org/W2212488422","https://openalex.org/W2739649174","https://openalex.org/W2913899326","https://openalex.org/W3138763725","https://openalex.org/W6600078441","https://openalex.org/W6648424669","https://openalex.org/W6741460227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142488884","https://openalex.org/W4379115841","https://openalex.org/W2083794993","https://openalex.org/W2373662841","https://openalex.org/W3082894236","https://openalex.org/W1511772879","https://openalex.org/W1838930658","https://openalex.org/W4394660363","https://openalex.org/W4252566889","https://openalex.org/W2186315912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Constraints":[0],"on":[1,136],"the":[2,10,35,66,81,97,113],"memory":[3],"size":[4,12,150],"of":[5,13,34,96,112,152],"embedded":[6],"systems":[7],"require":[8],"reducing":[9],"image":[11,37,149],"executing":[14],"programs.":[15],"Common":[16],"techniques":[17,62],"include":[18],"code":[19,46,54,75,114],"compression":[20],"and":[21,55,63,105,144,146,157,167],"reduced":[22,50],"instruction":[23,51],"sets.":[24],"We":[25],"propose":[26],"a":[27,93,110,124],"novel":[28],"technique":[29,133],"that":[30,77,84,101,118],"eliminates":[31],"large":[32],"portions":[33,57,99],"executable":[36,89],"without":[38],"compromising":[39],"execution":[40],"time":[41],"(due":[42,48],"to":[43,49,74,154],"decompression)":[44],"or":[45],"generation":[47],"sets).":[52],"Frozen":[53],"data":[56],"are":[58,70,86,103,164],"identified":[59,120],"using":[60],"profiling":[61],"removed":[64],"from":[65],"loadable":[67],"image.":[68],"They":[69],"replaced":[71],"with":[72,130],"branches":[73],"stubs":[76],"load":[78],"them":[79],"in":[80,92,148],"unlikely":[82],"case":[83],"they":[85],"accessed.":[87],"The":[88,161],"is":[90,127],"sustained":[91],"runnable":[94],"mode.Analysis":[95],"frozen":[98,122],"reveals":[100],"most":[102],"error":[104],"uncommon":[106],"input":[107],"handlers.":[108],"Only":[109],"minority":[111],"(less":[115],"than":[116],"1%)":[117],"was":[119,134],"as":[121],"during":[123],"training":[125],"run,":[126],"also":[128],"accessed":[129],"production":[131],"datasets.The":[132],"applied":[135],"three":[137],"benchmark":[138],"suites":[139],"(SPEC":[140],"CINT2000,":[141],"SPEC":[142],"CFP2000,":[143],"MediaBench)":[145],"results":[147],"reductions":[151,163],"up":[153],"73%,":[155],"92%,":[156],"85%":[158],"per":[159,169],"suite,":[160],"average":[162],"59%,":[165],"79%,":[166],"78%":[168],"suite.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}