{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105378521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1016707.1016709","title":"The case for separating routing from routers","display_name":"The case for separating routing from routers","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105378521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1016707.1016709","mag":"2105378521"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1016707.1016709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1016707.1016709","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Future directions in network architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068586837","display_name":"Nick Feamster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9315-5201"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nick Feamster","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science & AI Lab"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science & AI Lab","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113516878","display_name":"Hari Balakrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hari Balakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science & AI Lab"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science & AI Lab","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003914268","display_name":"Jennifer Rexford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0231-8165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Rexford","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101433738","display_name":"Aman Shaikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5745-7915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aman Shaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076342321","display_name":"Jacobus Van der Merwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-8278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacobus van der Merwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068586837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.4529,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":288,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99136032,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7710111141204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.656311571598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-based-routing","display_name":"Policy-based routing","score":0.6488912105560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.6406744718551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6360915303230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.570659875869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-domain","display_name":"Routing domain","score":0.5412118434906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5131762623786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-interior-gateway-routing-protocol","display_name":"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol","score":0.4889589548110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-free-zone","display_name":"Default-free zone","score":0.4700796902179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.46350425481796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-cost-multi-path-routing","display_name":"Equal-cost multi-path routing","score":0.4494544565677643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-table","display_name":"Routing table","score":0.4230848550796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ip-forwarding","display_name":"IP forwarding","score":0.41017958521842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.38297581672668457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7710111141204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.656311571598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196423136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209671","display_name":"Policy-based routing","level":5,"score":0.6488912105560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.6406744718551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6360915303230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.570659875869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94600068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7371621","display_name":"Routing domain","level":5,"score":0.5412118434906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5131762623786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87044965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091139","display_name":"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol","level":5,"score":0.4889589548110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101396714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3021187","display_name":"Default-free zone","level":5,"score":0.4700796902179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.46350425481796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115443555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5367790","display_name":"Equal-cost multi-path routing","level":5,"score":0.4494544565677643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.4230848550796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174809319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973191","display_name":"IP forwarding","level":5,"score":0.41017958521842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.38297581672668457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1016707.1016709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1016707.1016709","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Future directions in network architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.10.5406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.10.5406","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://nms.lcs.mit.edu/~feamster/papers/rcp-fdna04.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.113.5471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.113.5471","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~awang/courses/cis6935_s2005/rcp-fdna.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.3.1279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.3.1279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.research.att.com/~jrex/papers/rcp.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.67.1750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.67.1750","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://nms.lcs.mit.edu/~feamster/papers/rcp-fdna04.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550619482","https://openalex.org/W1589829682","https://openalex.org/W1596758374","https://openalex.org/W1607215488","https://openalex.org/W1625214948","https://openalex.org/W1667779031","https://openalex.org/W1708050601","https://openalex.org/W1836926064","https://openalex.org/W1982814022","https://openalex.org/W2008580906","https://openalex.org/W2018505857","https://openalex.org/W2026392294","https://openalex.org/W2055113824","https://openalex.org/W2069620004","https://openalex.org/W2097514095","https://openalex.org/W2097702898","https://openalex.org/W2098790030","https://openalex.org/W2108673686","https://openalex.org/W2112619863","https://openalex.org/W2113742143","https://openalex.org/W2116636096","https://openalex.org/W2118632874","https://openalex.org/W2121635209","https://openalex.org/W2121738337","https://openalex.org/W2139573484","https://openalex.org/W2141746193","https://openalex.org/W2143506299","https://openalex.org/W2144553078","https://openalex.org/W2156132650","https://openalex.org/W2157525327","https://openalex.org/W2165398593","https://openalex.org/W2170053756","https://openalex.org/W2170267557","https://openalex.org/W2171418694","https://openalex.org/W2171839243","https://openalex.org/W4255084430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769345041","https://openalex.org/W2401106053","https://openalex.org/W2119742768","https://openalex.org/W146128134","https://openalex.org/W2077998409","https://openalex.org/W2103083958","https://openalex.org/W3016586903","https://openalex.org/W2141938573","https://openalex.org/W2102668930","https://openalex.org/W1589657219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,4,7,17,30,39,61,67,96,112,197],"past":[2],"decade,":[3],"complexity":[5,15,139],"of":[6,29,41,111,136,166,180,192,202],"Internet's":[8],"routing":[9,31,54,82,151,186,193],"infrastructure":[10,44],"has":[11],"increased":[12],"dramatically.":[13],"This":[14],"and":[16,118,146,189,195,200],"problems":[18],"it":[19],"causes":[20],"stem":[21],"not":[22],"just":[23],"from":[24,35,60,86],"various":[25],"new":[26,49,144],"demands":[27,145],"made":[28],"infrastructure,":[32],"but":[33],"also":[34],"fundamental":[36],"limitations":[37,51],"in":[38,52,57,70,115],"ability":[40],"today's":[42,53,87],"distributed":[43,63],"to":[45,143,149,157],"scalably":[46],"cope":[47],"with":[48,122,138],"requirements.The":[50],"system":[55,73,152],"arise":[56],"large":[58],"part":[59],"fully":[62],"path-selection":[64],"computation":[65,174],"that":[66,127,153],"IP":[68,88,113],"routers":[69,114],"an":[71,128],"autonomous":[72],"(AS)":[74],"must":[75],"perform.":[76],"To":[77],"overcome":[78],"this":[79],"weakness,":[80],"interdomain":[81],"should":[83,91,106],"be":[84],"separated":[85],"routers,":[89],"which":[90],"simply":[92],"forward":[93],"packets":[94],"(for":[95],"most":[97],"part).":[98],"Instead,":[99],"a":[100,133,150,163,177],"separate":[101],"Routing":[102],"Control":[103],"Platform":[104],"(RCP)":[105],"select":[107],"routes":[108],"on":[109,169,176],"behalf":[110],"each":[116],"AS":[117],"exchange":[119],"reachability":[120],"information":[121],"other":[123],"domains.Our":[124],"position":[125],"is":[126,132,154],"approach":[129],"like":[130],"RCP":[131,167],"good":[134],"way":[135],"coping":[137],"while":[140],"being":[141],"responsive":[142],"can":[147],"lead":[148],"substantially":[155],"easier":[156],"manage":[158],"than":[159],"today.":[160],"We":[161],"present":[162],"design":[164],"overview":[165],"based":[168,175],"three":[170],"architectural":[171,198],"principles":[172],"path":[173],"consistent":[178],"view":[179],"network":[181],"state,":[182],"controlled":[183],"interactions":[184],"between":[185],"protocol":[187],"layers,":[188],"expressive":[190],"specification":[191],"policies":[194],"discuss":[196],"strengths":[199],"weaknesses":[201],"our":[203],"proposal.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}