{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103340892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1012551.1012570","title":"Effects of rendering on shape perception in automobile design","display_name":"Effects of rendering on shape perception in automobile design","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103340892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1012551.1012570","mag":"2103340892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1012551.1012570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1012551.1012570","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077900703","display_name":"James A. Ferwerda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James A. Ferwerda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081669735","display_name":"Stephen H. Westin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen H. Westin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103422806","display_name":"Randall C. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135317","display_name":"General Motors (Poland)","ror":"https://ror.org/03n3nz506","country_code":"PL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607","https://openalex.org/I4210135317"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randall C. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors R&amp;D"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors R&amp;D","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042989375","display_name":"Richard Pawlicki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135317","display_name":"General Motors (Poland)","ror":"https://ror.org/03n3nz506","country_code":"PL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607","https://openalex.org/I4210135317"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Pawlicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors R&amp;D"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors R&amp;D","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1733,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77369663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"107","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.897180438041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6964242458343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6105291843414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5859463810920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.560433566570282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-rendering","display_name":"Real-time rendering","score":0.5324944257736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4861149787902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-based-modeling-and-rendering","display_name":"Image-based modeling and rendering","score":0.47510063648223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tiled-rendering","display_name":"Tiled rendering","score":0.44569846987724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-rendering","display_name":"3D rendering","score":0.4221717119216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opengl","display_name":"OpenGL","score":0.41459375619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternate-frame-rendering","display_name":"Alternate frame rendering","score":0.41025134921073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-rendering","display_name":"Software rendering","score":0.284974604845047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.2286844253540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.21315079927444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12300539016723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-computer-graphics","display_name":"3D computer graphics","score":0.06908780336380005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.897180438041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6964242458343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6105291843414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5859463810920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.560433566570282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116921373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time rendering","level":3,"score":0.5324944257736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4861149787902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44185422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002064","display_name":"Image-based modeling and rendering","level":3,"score":0.47510063648223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189059883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7802119","display_name":"Tiled rendering","level":5,"score":0.44569846987724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36816356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911860","display_name":"3D rendering","level":3,"score":0.4221717119216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778305236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178570","display_name":"OpenGL","level":3,"score":0.41459375619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97431224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438393","display_name":"Alternate frame rendering","level":5,"score":0.41025134921073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109772839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297645","display_name":"Software rendering","level":4,"score":0.284974604845047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.2286844253540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.21315079927444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12300539016723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66629338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189177","display_name":"3D computer graphics","level":3,"score":0.06908780336380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1012551.1012570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1012551.1012570","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.144.5943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.144.5943","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.graphics.cornell.edu/pubs/2004/FWSP04.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.72.7498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.72.7498","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.graphics.cornell.edu/~jaf/publications/ferwerda_apgv04_paper_v46_final.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482882448","https://openalex.org/W1538841701","https://openalex.org/W1655654231","https://openalex.org/W1830679195","https://openalex.org/W1985069172","https://openalex.org/W2008693968","https://openalex.org/W2008696521","https://openalex.org/W2020891473","https://openalex.org/W2040053317","https://openalex.org/W2048234980","https://openalex.org/W2057582544","https://openalex.org/W2058499817","https://openalex.org/W2063556253","https://openalex.org/W2081129957","https://openalex.org/W2091669180","https://openalex.org/W2094872233","https://openalex.org/W2109452278","https://openalex.org/W2133261461","https://openalex.org/W2133695249","https://openalex.org/W2144736368","https://openalex.org/W2889194715","https://openalex.org/W2955844533","https://openalex.org/W4230528633","https://openalex.org/W4242705385","https://openalex.org/W6637118488","https://openalex.org/W7061197823","https://openalex.org/W7071144400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366215510","https://openalex.org/W2407724398","https://openalex.org/W2185876354","https://openalex.org/W2187985480","https://openalex.org/W2350100566","https://openalex.org/W2280611243","https://openalex.org/W2393782831","https://openalex.org/W2403188927","https://openalex.org/W2001220405","https://openalex.org/W1870642593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59],"goal":[1],"of":[2,20,52,102,122,131,139],"this":[3,123],"project":[4],"was":[5,111],"to":[6,38,42,70,84,90,97,107],"determine":[7],"if":[8],"advanced":[9],"rendering":[10,25,60,81,115,140],"methods":[11,26],"such":[12,27],"as":[13,28],"global":[14,79],"illumination":[15,80],"allow":[16],"more":[17],"accurate":[18],"discrimination":[19],"shape":[21,43,85,109,133],"differences":[22,44],"than":[23],"standard":[24],"OpenGL.To":[29],"address":[30],"these":[31],"questions,":[32],"we":[33],"conducted":[34],"two":[35],"psychophysical":[36],"experiments":[37],"measure":[39],"observers'":[40],"sensitivity":[41,83,106],"between":[45],"a":[46,64],"physical":[47],"model":[48,117],"and":[49,116,135],"rendered":[50],"images":[51],"the":[53,68,76,95,103,114,137],"model.":[54],"Two":[55],"results":[56,121],"stand":[57],"out:\u2022":[58],"method":[61],"used":[62],"has":[63],"significant":[65],"effect":[66,93],"on":[67,94],"ability":[69,96],"discriminate":[71,98],"shape.":[72,99],"In":[73,100],"particular,":[74],"under":[75],"conditions":[77],"tested,":[78],"improves":[82],"differences.\u2022":[86],"Further,":[87],"viewpoint":[88],"appears":[89],"have":[91,125],"an":[92],"most":[101],"cases":[104],"studied,":[105],"small":[108],"variations":[110],"poorer":[112],"when":[113],"viewpoints":[118],"were":[119],"different.The":[120],"work":[124],"important":[126],"implications":[127],"for":[128,136,142],"our":[129],"understanding":[130],"human":[132],"perception":[134],"development":[138],"tools":[141],"computer-aided":[143],"design.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
